Collaborative Research: DHB: Identifying the Biological Influences on Political Temperaments

合作研究：DHB：识别生物对政治气质的影响

• 批准号: 0826867
• 负责人: John Alford
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0826867&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; DHB; Identifying; Biological

Humans live in large social units and often care deeply about the rules governing life in those units (politics) even if those rules are unlikely to affect them personally. In fact, they sometimes care so deeply that differences of opinion over politics can be the cause of small-scale arguments and large-scale violence. This project examines the multiple influences on people's political preferences, using a wide range of techniques across different samples. Traditionally, it has been assumed that environmental factors, like parental socialization, lead some people to adopt positions associated with the left and others to adopt positions associated with the right (while still others refrain from adopting any political positions at all). The field of behavioral genetics, however, modifies this assumption in an important way by providing empirical evidence, mostly from twin studies, showing that genetics also plays a role in shaping political orientations. This research extends this work by using multiple levels of analyses including genotyping, brain imaging, physiological tests, surveys, and hormonal assays, applied to large samples of people in the United States and in Australia. Not only does identifying the specific genes, biological systems, and cognitive processing biases relevant to various political temperaments make the gene-political temperament link more convincing, it elucidates the nature and sources of political orientations. This project will also provide interdisciplinary training opportunities to undergraduate and graduate students.

人类生活在大型社会单位中，通常非常关心这些单位中的生活规则（政治），即使这些规则不太可能影响他们个人。事实上，他们有时非常关心，以至于政治上的意见分歧可能成为小规模争论和大规模暴力的原因。该项目在不同样本中使用多种技术，研究对人们政治偏好的多重影响。传统上，人们认为环境因素，如父母的社会化，导致一些人采取与左翼相关的立场，而另一些人则采取与右翼相关的立场（而还有一些人根本不采取任何政治立场）。然而，行为遗传学领域通过提供主要来自双胞胎研究的经验证据，以重要方式修改了这一假设，表明遗传学在塑造政治倾向方面也发挥着作用。这项研究通过使用多层次的分析来扩展这项工作，包括基因分型、脑成像、生理测试、调查和激素测定，适用于美国和澳大利亚的大量人群样本。识别与各种政治气质相关的特定基因、生物系统和认知加工偏差不仅使基因与政治气质的联系更加令人信服，而且还阐明了政治取向的本质和来源。该项目还将为本科生和研究生提供跨学科培训机会。