DHB Collaborative Research: Dynamics of Initial Trust and Cooperation: The Role of Embodied Emotion Cues

DHB 合作研究：初始信任与合作的动态：具体情感线索的作用

• 批准号: 0827084
• 负责人: David DeSteno
• 金额: $ 20.29万
• 依托单位: Northeastern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-15 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0827084&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DHB; Collaborative; Research; Dynamics; Initial

This project investigates a question fundamental to social and economic interactions: Can individuals accurately assess the trustworthiness of unfamiliar others and, if so, through what mechanisms? Decisions to trust constitute a necessary element for the development of stable partnerships and societies. Yet, in the face of the many benefits that come with delayed exchanges, the decision to trust another is often a precarious one. The individual who first extends effort or provides resources is necessarily in the unenviable position of risking that the other will not reciprocate. Consequently, adaptive functioning relies not only on trusting others, but also on the ability to decide if one's partner is worthy of trust. Interestingly, however, previous efforts designed to uncover the signals of trustworthiness have been relatively unsuccessful. Building off initial research by members of the project team which demonstrates that trustworthiness of new partners can be discerned at greater than chance levels, the current project explores a novel route by which individuals may assesses the intentions of potential partners. Rather than looking for specific cues to trustworthiness in isolation, the process of assessing trust will be reconceptualized as a dynamic and iterative one. In short, the project will examine whether decisions to trust are not based simply on reading the cues of others, but rather on a dynamic "dance" whereby partners engage in nonconscious mimicry, and in so doing, are able to use perceptions of their own bodily states to infer their partner's feelings and, thereby, predict their motivations. To investigate this possibility, the research team will conduct experiments examining the interplay of emitted nonverbal signals and mimicry on decisions to trust within the context of behavioral economic games. Moreover, given that many facets of these phenomena often occur outside of human awareness and control, newly developed social robots will be used as interaction partners for humans in several experiments. These robots provide not only exacting control over relevant expressive parameters that is not possible in humans, but also the opportunity to test proposed models by allowing the robot to predict the trustworthiness of human partners. Taken as a whole, this project not only holds potential to increase understanding of the processes the underlie the initial emergence of trust-based relationships, but also to refine the physical and computational architecture that enable robots to infer motives and predict actions of humans and, thereby, increase their utility and value as interaction partners.

该项目调查了一个对社会和经济互动为基础的问题：个人可以准确评估陌生他人的可信赖性，如果是的，则可以通过什么机制来评估其他人的信任度？信任的决定构成了稳定伙伴关系和社会发展的必要要素。然而，面对延迟交流带来的许多好处，决定另一个人的决定通常是不稳定的。 首先延长努力或提供资源的个人必然处于令人羡慕的立场，即其他人不会回报。 因此，自适应功能不仅依赖于信任他人，还依赖于决定一个人的伴侣是否值得信任的能力。然而，有趣的是，以前旨在揭示可信赖信号的努力相对不成功。 建立项目团队成员的初步研究，该研究表明，新合作伙伴的可信赖性可以比机会水平更大，目前的项目探索了一条新颖的途径，个人可以评估潜在合作伙伴的意图。 评估信任的过程将被重新概念化为动态且迭代的过程，而不是寻找特定的信任性线索。 简而言之，该项目将研究信任的决定是否不仅基于阅读他人的提示，而是基于一种动态的“舞蹈”，在该舞蹈中，合作伙伴从事非意识模仿的模仿，并且这样做可以利用对自己身体状态的感知来推断伴侣的感受，从而预测他们的动机。为了调查这种可能性，研究团队将进行研究，以检查发射非语言信号的相互作用，并模仿在行为经济游戏中信任的决策。此外，鉴于这些现象的许多方面经常出现在人类的意识和控制之外，因此在几项实验中，新开发的社会机器人将被用作人类的互动伙伴。这些机器人不仅可以通过允许机器人预测人类伴侣的可信度来测试提出的模型的机会进行严格控制，而且还提供了对人类无法进行测试模型的机会。 从整体上讲，该项目不仅具有增加对基于信任关系的最初出现的过程的理解的潜力，而且还可以完善使机器人能够推断人类动机和预测人类行动的物理和计算体系结构，从而增加其效用和价值作为交互伙伴。