University Research Parks and the Innovative Performance of Park Firms

摘要：本项目开发了一种方法，并在统计上实施了数据收集和评估过程，以评估位于美国大学研究园区（URPs）的公司的创新绩效。评估阶段的结果向公共和私营部门通报在urp上发生的科学和工程（S&amp；E）活动的位置投资。近半个世纪以来，urp一直是我们国家创新体系的重要组成部分，2007年，在国会提出了“建设更强大的美国法案”（S. 1373），其前提是鼓励建立新园区和扩大现有园区，以通过高科技活动促进创新集群，这符合国家的最大利益。令人惊讶的是，对一般科学/研究园区，特别是urp进行的研究很少。而且，没有人对设在美国园区的公司所实现的创新效益进行过研究。该项目拓宽了我们对urp作为国家创新体系组成部分的理解；开发了一种评估工具，用于评估企业在园区落户后实现的创新效益；收集相关数据以实施该方法，并提供基于经验的基于园区研究协同效应的实现创新效益的陈述；并提供了关于urp组织结构的前瞻性陈述，这将最有利于加强公园公司之间在新公园或扩建公园方面的研究协同效应。更广泛的影响：本研究的主要智力产出是对园区内企业与非园区内可比企业的创新绩效和研究产出的评估。因此，从国家的角度来看，该项目更广泛的影响包括开发基于公园的科学指标和政策处方，以通过公园的形成和公园的增长来加强大学驱动的基于S&amp的经济发展。而且，从私营部门的角度来看，该项目为企业的标普电子投资提供了区位考虑，从而提高了未来的研究效率。该项目得出的科学指标为考虑与园区相关的新创新指标提供了依据。该项目的政策处方不仅为国会有关“建设更强大的美国法案”的审议提供了信息，而且还为未来各州和各地区在建立新的常规标准审查标准和/或扩大现有标准审查标准方面的投资考虑提供了信息。

ABSTRACT: This project develops a methodology and statistically implements a data collection and evaluation process for assessing the innovative performance of firms located on U.S. university research parks (URPs). The results from the assessment phase inform the public and private sector about locational investments in science and engineering (S&E) activities occurring on URPs. URPs have been an important element of our national innovation system for nearly half a century, and in 2007 the "Building a Stronger America Act" (S. 1373) was introduced in Congress under the stated premise that it is in the best interests of the Nation to encourage the formation of new parks and the expansion of existing parks in order to promote the clustering of innovation through high technology activities. Surprisingly, very little research has been undertaken on science/research parks, in general, or URPs, in particular. And, no research has been undertaken on the innovation benefits realized by firms that locate on U.S. parks. This project broadens our understanding of URPs as a component of our national innovation system; develops an assessment tool for assessing the innovation benefits realized by firms as a result of locating on a park; collects relevant data to implement this methodology and offers empirically-based statements on realized innovation benefits from on-park research synergies; and offers prospective statements about the organizational structure of URPs that will be most conducive to enhancing the research synergies among park firms on new or expanded parks.BROADER IMPACTS: The main intellectual outputs from this research are an assessment of the innovative performance of, and research outputs from, on-park firms relative to comparable firms that are not located on a park. As such, this project's broader impacts include, from a national perspective, the development of park-based science metrics and policy prescriptions to enhance university-driven S&E-based economic development through park formations and park growth. And, from a private-sector perspective, this project informs the locational consideration, and hence future research efficiency, of firms' S&E investments. The project's resulting science metrics inform the consideration of new innovation indicators specifically related to parks. The project's policy prescriptions inform not only Congressional deliberations related to the "Building a Stronger America Act" but also future state and regional S&E investment considerations for building new UPRs and/or expanding existing ones.