Collaborative Research: Investigations of Mesoscale and Microscale Processes in Extratropical Cyclones and Mesoscale Convective Systems

合作研究：温带气旋和中尺度对流系统中尺度和微尺度过程的研究

基本信息

批准号：
0833828
负责人：
Robert Rauber
金额：
$ 127.68万
依托单位：
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-01-01 至 2013-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0833828&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Investigations Mesoscale Microscale

项目摘要

The dynamic and microphysical processes that govern the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation within extratropical cyclones remain poorly understood. Variability in the location, type, and intensity of precipitation is often determined by precipitation banding and/or embedded convection, particularly in the northwest and warm frontal quadrant in cyclones where frontal structures and associated frontal circulations are modified by deformation flow. The Principal Investigators will execute a comprehensive field campaign and numerical modeling study that will address outstanding scientific questions targeted at improving understanding of precipitation substructures in the northwest and warm frontal quadrants of continental extratropical cyclones. In the course of this study the following questions will be addressed: 1) What are the predominant spatial patterns of organized precipitation substructures, such as bands and generating cells and how do they evolve? 2) How do frontal scale systems above and within the boundary layer such as warm fronts, trowals, cold fronts aloft, and occluded fronts relate to these precipitation substructures? 3) What are the thermodynamic and kinematic structures of these frontal systems including the distribution of moisture and vertical motion? 4) What instabilities and types of mesoscale forcing control the generation and evolution of precipitation substructures? 5) How do microphysical processes vary between the different precipitation substructures and what are the consequences? 6) Is instability triggered in ice-saturated ascent critical in some of these instances and is it through the release of the latent heat of deposition that instabilities can persist? The Principal Investigators will obtain and analyze detailed, high resolution observations of precipitation substructures using three mobile ground-based observing systems, the University of Alabama at Huntsville Mobile Integrated Profiling System, the Mobile Alabama X-band dual polarization radar, and the NSF/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Mobile GPS Advanced Upper Air Sounding System, along with the NSF/NCAR C-130 Aircraft equipped with microphysical probes and the Wyoming Cloud Doppler Radar and Cloud Lidar. They will also simulate the precipitation substructures using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model at high horizontal and vertical resolution. The observations will provide the basis for the development of testable hypotheses that can be addressed systematically in the modeling studies. The field campaign (termed Profiling Of Winter Storms, or PlOWS) will have an education component, involving students from 9 universities with atmospheric science departments. Intellectual merit: The combined dynamical/microphysical observational strategy in conjunction with high resolution numerical modeling, will provide the basis for answering key scientific questions in a more complete and definitive way than heretofore possible. The new observational capabilities that will be applied in this research will provide fundamentally new information about the structure, dynamic and physical properties of these storms on scales never before observed. Broader impacts: Nationwide, nearly 7000 deaths, 600,000 injuries, and 1.4 million accidents per year are due to adverse road weather, mostly during winter, and costs associated with a single blizzard can range from $0.1M to $3.0B. The research will provide new insight concerning remote sensing of winter weather systems that can translate directly into better operational interpretation and observation strategies of winter weather mesoscale features. The research will contribute to a fundamental understanding of the relationship between the microphysical properties of clouds in winter cyclones and radar and lidar sensing of those properties. The modeling studies will determine if modeled precipitation substructures are consistent with observed features in winter storm systems and provide a better understanding of processes responsible for the occurrence of those substructures. Thus the findings will have direct application to forecasting. The education component, involving students from nine universities with atmospheric science departments, will contribute to undergraduate and graduate education and recruitment of new scientists into atmospheric field research.

支配诱导旋风旋风内降水的空间和时间变化的动态和微物理过程仍然知之甚少。降水的位置，类型和强度的可变性通常取决于降水带和/或嵌入对流，尤其是在旋风中的西北和温暖的额叶象限中，在旋风中，额叶结构和相关的额叶循环通过变形流进行了修饰。首席研究人员将执行一项全面的现场运动和数值建模研究，该研究将解决针对大陆室外气旋西北和温暖的额叶象限的降水象限的杰出科学问题。在本研究的过程中，将解决以下问题：1）有组织的降水亚结构的主要空间模式，例如频带和产生细胞，以及它们如何发展？ 2）在边界层上方和边界层内部的额叶系统如何与这些降水子结构有关？ 3）这些额叶系统的热力学和运动学结构是什么，包括水分和垂直运动的分布？ 4）中尺度的哪些不稳定性和类型强迫控制降水子结构的产生和演变？ 5）微物理过程在不同的降水子结构之间如何变化？ 6）在某些情况下，在冰饱和的上升中触发了不稳定性，并且是否通过释放潜在的沉积热，而不稳定性可以持续存在？首席研究人员将使用三个基于移动地面的观测系统，阿拉巴马大学的亨斯维尔移动整合分析系统，移动阿拉巴马州X波段双极极化雷达以及NSF/NSF/NSF/NAINTAR MARTIPER SEACH SYS SYS SSF与NC-NC-NC nc nc nc-nc-nc-nc-nc-nc-nc-nc-nc nc-nc nc nc-nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc ipers nc nc ippriation（ncar）高级空中/nc，以及怀俄明州的云多普勒雷达和云激光雷达。他们还将使用天气研究和预测模型在高水平和垂直分辨率下模拟降水子结构。观察结果将为开发可检验的假设提供基础，这些假设可以在建模研究中系统地解决。现场运动（称为冬季风暴或犁的分析）将有一个教育部分，涉及来自9所大气科学系的9所大学的学生。智力优点：与高分辨率数值建模结合使用的组合动力学/微物理观察策略将为与迄今为止可能更完整和确定的方式回答关键科学问题的基础。这项研究将应用的新观察能力将提供有关这些风暴的结构，动态和物理特性的新信息，这些风暴从未观察到的尺度。更广泛的影响：全国范围内，每年近7000人死亡，60万伤亡和140万人事故是由于不利的道路天气，主要是在冬季，与一次暴风雪有关的成本从100万美元到3.0B美元不等。这项研究将提供有关冬季天气系统遥感的新见解，这些见解可以直接转化为冬季天气中尺度特征的更好的操作解释和观察策略。这项研究将有助于对冬季气旋中云的微物理特性与这些特性的雷达和激光雷达感测的基本理解。建模研究将确定建模的降水子结构是否与冬季风暴系统中观察到的特征一致，并更好地理解负责发生这些子结构的过程。因此，调查结果将直接应用于预测。教育部分涉及九所大学的大气科学系学生，将为本科和研究生教育以及将新科学家招募参与大气领域研究。