Interfacing Major Field Experiments with Physical Parameterizations in Atmospheric General Circulation Models

在气候模式中必须很好地表示的一个重要的物理过程是水平动量输送。这就是该项目的动机，其目标是改进和验证全球气候模式中的动量运输方案。为此，PI将从主要的野外活动中开发大规模强迫和亚网格源和水平动量汇的综合数据集。这些将用于强制和评估单柱模型（SCM）、云系统解析模型（CSRM）和物理参数化，以改进总循环模型（GCM）。首席研究员（PI）将使用一种新的变分方法，基于他的小组先前使用气球探测阵列对温度和水的平流趋势的研究，来分析大气动量预算，其中干燥空气和水蒸气质量、焓和动量的柱积分守恒将被保留。将为热带地区的四个野外实验，即热带海洋全球大气/海洋大气耦合响应实验（TOGA-COARE）、夸贾林岛实验（KWAJEX）、南海季风实验（SCSMEX）、热带暖池-国际云实验（TWP-ICE）和几个中纬度地区的实验（能源部大气辐射计划南部大平原（arms - sgp）站点），得出表观动量源和汇。数据产品的不确定性将通过敏感性研究和观测模拟系统实验（OSSE）进行量化。开发的综合数据产品将用于回答三个主要问题：(a)在什么大规模条件下，亚电网动量运输是高端的，在什么条件下是低端的？(b) GCM动量输运的参数化如何与观测相比较？(c)如何改进大气模式中的动量源/汇参数化。这项工作的更广泛的影响是促进我们从观测中了解大气动量源和汇，并在气候模式中更好地参数化它们，这对于预测未来气候变化和热带大气变率的机制是必要的。博士后和研究生将在研究方面得到指导和培训。

An important physical process that must be well represented in climate models is horizontal momentum transport. This is the motivation for this project, the goal of which is to improve and validate momentum transport schemes in global climate models. Toward this end, the PI will develop integrated datasets, from major field campaigns, of large-scale forcing and sub-grid sources and sinks of horizontal momentum. These will be used to force and evaluate Single Column Models (SCM), Cloud System Resolving Models (CSRM), and physical parameterizations to improve General Circulation Models (GCM). The Principal Investigator (PI) will use a new variational approach, based on his group's previous research on advective tendencies of temperature and water using balloon sounding arrays, to analyze atmospheric momentum budgets in which column-integrated conservations of dry air and water vapor mass, enthalpy and momentum will be preserved. Apparent momentum sources and sinks will be derived for four field experiments in the tropics, the Tropical Ocean Global Atmospheres/Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE), The Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX), The South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX), and the Tropical Warm Pool - International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) and several in the middle latitudes (the Department of Energy (Atmospheric Radiation Program Southern Great Plains (ARM-SGP) sites). Uncertainties of the data products will be quantified through sensitivity studies and Observational Simulation System Experiments (OSSE). The developed integrated data products will be used to answer three main questions: (a) Under what large-scale conditions is subgrid momentum transport upscale and under what conditions is it downscale? (b) How do GCM parameterizations of momentum transport compare with observations? (c) How can we improve the momentum source/sink parameterizations in atmospheric models. Broader impacts of this work are in advancing our understanding of atmospheric momentum sources and sinks from observations and their better parameterizations in climate models, which is necessary for them to predict future climate changes, and of the mechanism of atmospheric variability in the tropics. A postdoc and a graduate student will be mentored and trained in research.