Lightning Initiation by Streamer Emission from Thundercloud Hydrometeors
雷云水凝物发射流光引发闪电
基本信息
- 批准号:0838867
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 23.59万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2009
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2009-01-15 至 2012-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The exact mechanisms responsible for initiation of lightning within thunderstorms is a longstanding and fundamental problem in the field of atmospheric electricity. Conventional theory rests on the as-yet unproven hypothesis that electron avalanches lead to the formation and growth (through branching) of "streamers," which are comparatively low-temperature filamentary ionization channels. Existing observational evidence nonetheless indicates that electric fields within thunderstorms rarely exceed 10% of the threshold breakdown field value needed to trigger such avalanches. It has thus been suggested that streamers may originate in the vicinity of individual hydrometeors (precipitation particles) near which the electric field is locally amplified. This process has been demonstrated through controlled laboratory experiments. In pursuit of better understanding of how this process may work in the free atmosphere, the PIs will employ numerical modeling of relevant processes using simplified representations of cloud properties and evaluate their results against available observations. Some specific questions for which answers will be pursued include: 1) What are the perturbations of the thundercloud electric field caused by different types of hydrometeors? 2) How does a streamer initiate and develop in the vicinity of the hydrometeors? What is the onset condition of the streamer emission from the hydrometeors? What are the characteristics of the streamer thus formed? 3) What are the electrical interactions between streamers and hydrometeors? What are the effects of the joule heating on the streamer stem? What is the leader inception condition in the vicinity of hydrometeors?The intellectual merit of this work rests on improved understanding of the processes through which lightning is triggered within electrically charged clouds, as well as further critical evaluation of the ability of existing observations to accurately capture the upper-limit of electric field strength achievable within thunderstorms. Broader impacts will be primarily through graduate and undergraduate student education, dissemination of results via peer-reviewed journals, and the long-term potential for reduced risk to life and property that would come with a better understanding (and hence ability to predict) key processes that initiate lightning within thunderstorms.
雷暴中闪电形成的确切机制是大气电学领域长期存在的基本问题。 传统理论基于尚未得到证实的假设,即电子雪崩会导致“流光”的形成和生长(通过分支),“流光”是相对低温的丝状电离通道。 然而,现有的观测证据表明,雷暴中的电场很少超过触发这种雪崩所需的阈值击穿场值的10%。 因此,有人建议,流光可能起源于附近的个别水凝物(降水粒子)附近的电场被局部放大。 这一过程已通过受控实验室实验得到证实。 为了更好地理解这一过程如何在自由大气中工作,PI将使用云特性的简化表示法对相关过程进行数值模拟,并根据现有观测结果评估其结果。将寻求答案的一些具体问题包括: 1)不同类型的水凝物对雷暴云电场的扰动是什么? 2)流注是如何在水凝物附近产生和发展的? 水凝物流注发射的起始条件是什么? 这样形成的流光有什么特点? 3)流光和水凝物之间的电相互作用是什么? 焦耳热对流光杆有什么影响? 水凝物附近的先导起始条件是什么?这项工作的智力价值在于提高对带电云内触发闪电的过程的理解,以及对现有观测准确捕捉雷暴内可实现的电场强度上限的能力的进一步关键评估。 更广泛的影响将主要通过研究生和本科生教育,通过同行评审期刊传播结果,以及降低生命和财产风险的长期潜力,这将带来更好的理解(因此有能力预测)在雷暴中引发闪电的关键过程。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Ningyu Liu其他文献
Molecular nitrogen LBH band system far‐UV emissions of sprite streamers
分子氮LBH波段系统精灵飘带的远紫外发射
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2005 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Ningyu Liu;V. Pasko - 通讯作者:
V. Pasko
Correction to ``Effects of photoionization on propagation and branching of positive and negative streamers in sprites'
修正“光电离对精灵中正负流光传播和分支的影响”
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2004 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Ningyu Liu;V. Pasko - 通讯作者:
V. Pasko
The Effect Of Study Abroad And Intensity Of Interaction On The Development Of L2 Pragmatic Routines By Chinese Learners Of English
出国留学和互动强度对中国英语学习者第二语用习惯发展的影响
- DOI:
10.21203/rs.3.rs-38683/v1 - 发表时间:
2020 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Ningyu Liu;Lianrui Yang - 通讯作者:
Lianrui Yang
Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum of a Composite System.
复合系统的电磁辐射谱。
- DOI:
10.1103/physrevlett.125.025101 - 发表时间:
2020 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:8.6
- 作者:
Ningyu Liu;J. Dwyer;J. Tilles - 通讯作者:
J. Tilles
Different predictive roles of phonological awareness and visual attention span for early character reading fluency in Chinese
语音意识和视觉注意广度对中文早期汉字阅读流畅性的不同预测作用
- DOI:
10.1080/00221309.2019.1711356 - 发表时间:
2020-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Chen Huang;Ningyu Liu;Jing Zhao - 通讯作者:
Jing Zhao
Ningyu Liu的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Ningyu Liu', 18)}}的其他基金
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Sprite Streamers
雪碧流光的三维数值建模
- 批准号:
2247153 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 23.59万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
CEDAR: High Speed Spectroscopic Studies of lightning bolts: Starters, Jets, and Gigantic Jets
CEDAR:闪电的高速光谱研究:启动器、喷射流和巨型喷射流
- 批准号:
1755513 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 23.59万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
CEDAR: High Speed Spectroscopic Studies of lightning bolts: Starters, Jets, and Gigantic Jets
CEDAR:闪电的高速光谱研究:启动器、喷射流和巨型喷射流
- 批准号:
1552177 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 23.59万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Lightning Initiation and Propagation with an Advanced Computer Model and Code
使用先进的计算机模型和代码进行闪电的引发和传播
- 批准号:
1728217 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 23.59万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Lightning Initiation and Propagation with an Advanced Computer Model and Code
使用先进的计算机模型和代码进行闪电的引发和传播
- 批准号:
1348046 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 23.59万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
CAREER: The Plasmochemistry and Photochemistry of the Upper Atmosphere Induced by Transient Luminous Events
职业:瞬态发光事件引起的高层大气的等离子体化学和光化学
- 批准号:
0955379 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 23.59万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
CEDAR Postdoc: Modeling Studies of Optical Properties of Sprite Streamers and their Chemical Effects on the Upper Atmosphere
CEDAR博士后:雪碧飘带的光学特性及其对高层大气的化学影响的建模研究
- 批准号:
0725360 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 23.59万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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