Ecological dynamics in random environments

随机环境中的生态动力学

• 批准号: 0845860
• 负责人: Sebastian Schreiber
• 金额: $ 4.94万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-01 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0845860&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ecological; dynamics; random; environments

This project investigates the interplay of nonlinear dynamics and random abiotic fluctuations on distribution and abundance of interacting populations. To investigate this interplay, the theory of random dynamical systems which combines dynamical systems techniques with probabilistic machinery are applied to a class of random ecological maps sufficiently general to account for spatial structure, stage structure, and multispecies interactions. New mathematical methods for verifying stochastic dissipativeness, persistence, and extinction will be developed. The application of these methods to populations dispersing in random environments, the storage effect and the Allee effect in stage-structured populations, random replicator dynamics, and antagonistic interactions of ideal free populations in source-sink environments will be pursued. For models of structured populations, new methods will be developed for understanding monotonicity and convexity properties of the dominant Lyapunov exponent for parameterized families of random products of non-negative matrices. Since these dominant Lyapunov exponents determine the asymptotic growth rate of populations at low densities, they are critical for understanding persistence.The interaction between environmental fluctuations, for example those due to anthropogenic disturbances or weather, and biological processes can dramatically affect the outcomes of species interactions. Consequently, the applications of the mathematical techniques developed in this project may be of practical value to the conservation or the restoration of ecological communities, the prevention of biological invasions, the management of natural resources, and biological control of agricultural pests.

该项目研究非线性动力学和随机非生物波动对相互作用种群的分布和丰度的相互作用。为了研究这种相互作用，将动力系统技术与概率机制相结合的随机动力系统理论应用于一类足够通用的随机生态地图，以解释空间结构、阶段结构和多物种相互作用。将开发用于验证随机耗散性、持久性和灭绝性的新数学方法。将研究这些方法在随机环境中分散的种群、阶段结构种群中的存储效应和 Allee 效应、随机复制动力学以及源-库环境中理想自由种群的拮抗相互作用的应用。对于结构化总体模型，将开发新方法来理解非负矩阵随机乘积参数化族的主要李亚普诺夫指数的单调性和凸性特性。由于这些主要李亚普诺夫指数决定了低密度种群的渐近增长率，因此它们对于理解持久性至关重要。环境波动（例如由于人为干扰或天气引起的波动）与生物过程之间的相互作用可以极大地影响物种相互作用的结果。因此，本项目开发的数学技术的应用对于生态群落的保护或恢复、生物入侵的预防、自然资源的管理以及农业害虫的生物防治可能具有实用价值。