CAREER: Highly Resolved, Process-Driven Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide Inventory to Advance Carbon Science, Climate Science and 21st Century Decisionmaking and Public Engagement

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。在高空间/时间分辨率下量化全球化石燃料二氧化碳（CO2）通量已成为碳循环和气候变化科学的一项关键需求。由首席调查员（PI）领导的火神项目最近以每小时10公里的尺度完成了美国的机械细节清单。在这个项目中，PI计划：扩展Vulcan：建立一个全球化石燃料二氧化碳排放清单，比目前更准确地分配空间/时间排放。PI将结合最近建立的全球发电厂数据库、每月能源供应/需求统计数据、数字道路地图集数据和NASA“夜灯”观测数据来建立这个清单。利用Vulcan：将改进的全球Vulcan排放作为关键边界条件，PI将利用传统的贝叶斯逆方法和最大似然集合滤波同化系统生成新的非化石净碳交换的逆估计。将进行灵敏度和误差分析。丰富火神：通过将碳科学与社会科学和经济学相结合，北美火神清单可以提供更多的见解，以创造新的知识，并支持国家在碳管理和减缓气候变化方面的优先事项。开放的、可获取的、可视化的数据将赋予公众权力/教育公众，并克服理解气候变化问题的许多概念障碍。这些信息将被托管在一个开放的、可视的、符合网络标准的域名中。教育与火神：PI将建立“足迹”实验室，一个虚拟的学习环境，学生“采用”一个国家/美国与研究人员、教师和公众在发现、验证、应用和其他活动方面进行合作，使他们沉浸在一个长期的合作研究网络中。虚拟实验室将包括一个基于地理信息系统（GIS）、谷歌类地、互动、协作的环境。这项研究是一项长期愿景的一部分，旨在通过降低化石燃料二氧化碳通量的比例，并将这些通量纳入逆/同化系统，推进碳生物地球化学和气候变化科学的基础知识。这一长期愿景还旨在有利于各国在碳管理、减缓、碳交易和能源政策方面的优先事项。为了构建全球化石CO2通量清单并丰富现有的北美清单，将构建一个虚拟的交互式学习环境。这将形成一个长期的、web 2.0风格的网络的基础，在这个网络中，学生、教师、研究人员和公众可以互动、协作和共享知识。除了为公众参与和教育提供一个基于网络的平台外，该研究的“基于地点”性质为不同地理、种族和智力背景的学生提供了一个引人注目的切入点。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Quantifying the global fossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) flux at high space/time resolution has emerged as a critical need in both carbon cycle and climate change science. The Vulcan Project led by the Principal Investigator (PI) has recently completed such an inventory for the United States at 10 km/hourly scales with mechanistic detail. In this project, the PI plans to:Extend Vulcan: Build a global fossil fuel CO2 emissions inventory that more accurately allocates emissions in space/time than is currently available. The PI will combine the recently-constructed global power plant database, monthly energy supply/demand statistics, digital road atlas data, and NASA "nightlights" observations to build this inventory. Enlist Vulcan: With the improved global Vulcan emissions as a key boundary condition, the PI will generate new inverse estimates of the non-fossil net carbon exchange, utilizing a traditional Bayesian inverse approach and a maximum likelihood ensemble filter assimilation system. Sensitivity and error analysis will be performed.Enrich Vulcan: The North American Vulcan inventory can offer much more insight through integration of carbon science with social science and economics to create new knowledge and support national priorities in carbon management and climate change mitigation. The open, accessible, visual data will empower/educate the public and overcome many of the conceptual barriers to understanding the climate change problem. This information will be hosted online in an open, visual, web-compliant domain.Educate with Vulcan: The PI will build the "Footprint" Lab, a virtual learning environment where students "adopt" a country/U.S. state and collaborate with researchers, instructors and the public on discovery, verification, application, and other activities that immerse them in a long-term, collaborative research network. The virtual lab will consist of a geographic information system (GIS)-based, Google Earth-like, interactive, collaborative environment.This research is part of a long-term vision aimed at advancing fundamental knowledge of carbon biogeochemistry and climate change science through downscaling of fossil fuel CO2 fluxes and incorporating those fluxes into inverse/assimilation systems. This long-term vision also aims to benefit national priorities in carbon management, mitigation, carbon trading and energy policy. In order to build the global fossil CO2 flux inventory and enrich the existing North American inventory a virtual, interactive learning environment will be constructed. This will form the basis of a long-term, web 2.0-style network in which students, instructors, researchers and the public interact, collaborate and share knowledge. The "placed-based" nature of the research offers a compelling entry point for students of diverse geographic, ethnic, and intellectual backgrounds in addition to offering a web-based platform for public engagement and education.