CAREER: Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics of Multicomponent Quantum Fluids

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。该职业奖支持一个综合研究和教育计划，强调对超冷原子气体的磁性和自旋特性的理论研究。尽管旋量凝聚体可能是碱玻色凝聚体中最新颖的方面，但近年来，由于有序参数和对称破缺的凝聚态物理语言与原子物理实验工具之间的差距，旋量凝聚体领域一直受到阻碍。这里提出的方法将通过发展与实验相协调的理论来弥合这一差距，同时促进我们对这些迷人系统的理解，同时为未来的发展提供重要的见解。玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚现象有效地将单粒子量子效应放大到热力学水平。空间分离的宏观凝聚体的自发相干性，当两个云重叠时导致干涉条纹，就是这种类型行为的一个例子。如果我们不考虑空间上分离的气体，而考虑不同自旋态的原子，则可以将类似效应视为自发磁序。气体的最终状态是由依赖自旋的粒子间相互作用的细节选择的，从而产生一个新的磁阶相图，其复杂性随着自旋的增加而增加。最近的实验已经证明了这种自发的对称性破缺在超冷气体的磁有序中，以及磁偶极子相互作用对所产生状态的影响。该奖项的教育部分将使物理学专业的本科生接触到超冷气体，这是当今物理学中最令人兴奋的领域之一。这一物理学分支的教育潜力是巨大的，既因为围绕着超冷原子领域的兴奋，也因为它提供了一种理解现代物理学中许多先进概念的可行方法。一本关于超冷系统中的集体现象的新教科书将被编写，弗吉尼亚大学也将就此主题开设一门新课程。，为研究超冷系统中的集体现象提供了一个非常需要的介绍。这门课程将以大学为基础。发挥美国在原子物理方面的优势，重振多体物理的教学。该职业奖支持一项综合理论研究和教育计划，以研究被激光光束捕获并冷却到绝对温度的百万分之一度的原子中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚和磁性的相互作用。玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的超冷原子协同行动，表现得就像它们已经融合成一个超原子。这种超原子状态使实验学家能够探索通常发生在最小长度尺度上的量子力学效应，例如单个原子在易于接近的长度尺度上的量子力学效应。π吗?S的研究重点是原子的磁性和在超原子状态下可能出现的磁性。这些效应的研究可能会影响我们对材料磁性的理解。它可能会导致发现新的现象和物质的新状态，其中一些也可能出现在材料中。这些表现出量子力学行为的新物质状态可能有助于开发一种新的计算范式，并可能导致基于操纵量子力学状态的新设备技术。该奖项的教育部分将使物理学专业的本科生接触到超冷气体，这是当今物理学中最令人兴奋的领域之一。这一物理学分支的教育潜力是巨大的，既因为围绕着超冷原子领域的兴奋，也因为它提供了一种理解现代物理学中许多先进概念的可行方法。一本关于超冷系统中的集体现象的新教科书将被编写，弗吉尼亚大学也将就此主题开设一门新课程。，为研究超冷系统中的集体现象提供了一个非常需要的介绍。该课程将以哈佛大学在原子物理学方面的优势为基础，并重振许多相互作用粒子（如材料中的原子和电子）系统的物理学教学方式。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis CAREER award supports an integrated research and education program that emphasizes the theoretical study of the magnetic and spin properties of ultracold atomic gases. Despite being perhaps the most novel aspect of the alkali Bose condensates, the field of spinor condensates has been stymied in recent years by the gap between the condensed matter physics language of order parameters and symmetry breaking, and the experimental tools of atomic physics. The approach proposed here will bridge that gap by developing the theory in harmony with experiment, simultaneously advancing our understanding of these fascinating systems while providing crucial insight into future developmentsThe phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation effectively amplifies one-particle quantum effects to the thermodynamic level. The spontaneous coherence of spatially separated macroscopic condensates, which leads to interference fringes when the two clouds overlap, is one example of this type behavior. If instead of spatially separate gases, we consider atoms in different spin states then the analogous effect can be viewed as spontaneous magnetic order. The final state of the gas is selected by the details of the spin-dependent interparticle interactions, resulting in a phase diagram of novel magnetic orders that grows in complexity with increasing spin. Recent experiments have demonstrated this spontaneous symmetry breaking in the magnetic ordering of ultracold gases, as well as the effect of the magnetic dipole interactions on the resulting states. .The educational component of this award will expose undergraduate physics majors to the subject of ultracold gases, one of the most exciting areas of physics today. The educational potential of this branch of physics is enormous, both because of the excitement surrounding the field of ultracold atoms and because it offers an accessible way of understanding many advanced concepts in modern physics. A new textbook will be written on collective phenomena in ultracold systems, and a new course will be developed on this topic at the University of Virginia., providing a much needed introduction to the study of collective phenomena in ultracold systems. The course will build on the university?s strengths in atomic physics, and revitalize the teaching of many-body physics. NONTECHNICAL SUMMARY This CAREER award supports an integrated theoretical research and education program to study the interplay of Bose-Einstein condensation and magnetism in atoms trapped by beams of laser light and cooled down to temperatures of millionths of a degree on the absolute scale of temperature. Ultracold atoms in a Bose-einstein condensate act in concert and behave like they have melded into a superatom. This superatom state enables experimentalists to explore quantum mechanical effects that ordinarily occur on the tiniest length scales, e.g. those of a single atom, on easily accessible length scales. The PI?s research focuses on the magnetic properties of atoms and the kinds of magnetism that can appear in the superatom state. The study of these effects may have impact on our understanding of magnetism in materials. It will likely lead to the discovery of new phenomena and new states of matter, some of which may occur in materials as well. These new states of matter exhibiting quantum mechanical behavior may be useful in developing a new paradigm for computing and may lead to new device technologies based on manipulating quantum mechanical states. The educational component of this award will expose undergraduate physics majors to the subject of ultracold gases, one of the most exciting areas of physics today. The educational potential of this branch of physics is enormous, both because of the excitement surrounding the field of ultracold atoms and because it offers an accessible way of understanding many advanced concepts in modern physics. A new textbook will be written on collective phenomena in ultracold systems, and a new course will be developed on this topic at the University of Virginia., providing a much needed introduction to the study of collective phenomena in ultracold systems. The course will build on the university's strengths in atomic physics, and revitalize how the physics of systems of many interacting particles, like atoms and electrons in materials, are taught.