Time Scales and Motor Learning

时间尺度和运动学习

• 批准号: 0848339
• 负责人: Karl Newell
• 金额: $ 28.43万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0848339&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Time; Scales; Motor; Learning

This multidisciplinary proposal explores dynamical processes of human learning and adaptation that occur at different time scales. For example, there are several variable time scales in the learning of motor skills, including the cyclical processes within a trial, the duration of a trial, the rest interval between trials, the number and timing of practice sessions in a day, and the distribution of practice sessions over days, weeks, months and years. These time scale relations are explored using both theoretical and empirical approaches. The project investigates 1)the influence of practice schedules on changes in learning dynamics in relation to the well known trade-off between speed and accuracy; 2) the time scales of temporary (adaptation) and persistent (learning) change; and 3) the changes in characteristic dynamic properties of learning that arise from different phasing of practice schedules in relation to the circadian cycle. One anticipated outcome is a new theory of practice that is relevant to instructional and practice strategies for enhancing performance in human motor skills in a number of contexts including human factors, music, physical activity and sport, in addition to the relearning of physical activities as in rehabilitation and physical therapy.

这个多学科的建议探讨了人类学习和适应的动态过程，发生在不同的时间尺度。例如，在运动技能的学习中有几个可变的时间尺度，包括试验中的循环过程、试验的持续时间、试验之间的休息间隔、一天中练习的次数和时间，以及练习在几天、几周、几个月和几年中的分布。这些时间尺度的关系探讨使用理论和经验的方法。本研究调查了1)练习时间表对学习动态变化的影响，这与众所周知的速度和准确性之间的权衡有关；2)暂时性（适应）和持续性（学习）变化的时间尺度；(3)与昼夜周期相关的不同阶段练习计划引起的学习特征动态特性的变化。一个预期的结果是一种新的实践理论，它与教学和实践策略有关，可以在许多情况下提高人类运动技能的表现，包括人为因素，音乐，身体活动和运动，以及康复和物理治疗中身体活动的再学习。