Evidence Observed: Daubert's Impact on Science and Justice

证据观察：道伯特？S对科学和司法的影响希拉·贾萨诺夫和肖恩·奥唐纳1993年，美国最高法院发布了一项里程碑式的裁决，道伯特诉梅雷尔·陶氏制药公司，改变了管理科学证据质量和流向联邦法院的规则。道伯特要求审判法官担负起守门人的责任？为了寻找科学证据，并确保这种证词既可靠又相关。这个项目考察了杜伯特对科学和司法的影响，并记录了将法律决定转化为法律程序中的实践的情况。具体而言，该项目解决了以下问题：就其主要目标而言，该决定是否成功：将不可靠和不相关的专家证词(俗称“垃圾科学”)排除在法庭之外？要求初审法官“像科学家一样思考”的效果是什么？道伯特在多大程度上刺激了新科学知识的产生？道伯特是否阻碍了将有效的科学知识作为证据的引入？道伯特是否促进了正义？该项目将通过定性方法的混合来解决这些问题。将创建一个可搜索的数据库，其中包括代表自由派？的四个“热点”司法管辖区的州和联邦决策。然后呢？限制性的？对道伯特的解读。将跟踪和分析化学品和药物所致伤害的索赔及其相关形式的证据和专门知识。将准备两起备受瞩目的后Daubert诉讼的案例研究，涉及证据冲突：关于苯丙醇胺(PPA)的诉讼，一种疑似导致中风的药物；以及关于硅胶隆胸的诉讼，据称会导致免疫系统紊乱。将分析审判文件和录像证词，并进行个人访谈，以深入了解Daubert之后专家证据的使用。该项目将通过存档相关的书面文本、视频和访谈来记录和保存Daubert实施的早期历史，以帮助未来的法律和科学研究人员。项目成果还将有助于改善对法官、诉讼律师和专家证人的教育。

Evidence Observed: Daubert?s Impact on Science and JusticeSheila Jasanoff and Sean O?DonnellIn 1993, the US Supreme Court issued a landmark decision, Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., that changed the rules for managing the quality and flow of scientific evidence into federal courts. Daubert charged trial judges with the responsibility to act as ?gatekeepers? for scientific evidence and to ensure that such testimony was both reliable and relevant. This project examines the impact of Daubert on science and justice and documents the translation of a legal decision into practices in the legal process. Specifically, the project addresses the following questions:Did the decision succeed with respect to its primary objective: to keep unreliable and irrelevant expert testimony (popularly known as "junk science") out of courts? What was the effect of requiring trial judges to "think like scientists"?To what extent did Daubert stimulate the production of new scientific knowledge?Has Daubert impeded the introduction of valid scientific knowledge as evidence?Has Daubert promoted justice?The project will address these questions with a mix of qualitative methods. A searchable database will be created of state and federal decisions across four "hotspot" jurisdictions representing ?liberal? and ?restrictive? interpretations of Daubert. Claims of chemical and drug-induced injuries and their associated forms of evidence and expertise will be tracked and analyzed. Case studies will be prepared of two high-profile post-Daubert lawsuits involving evidentiary conflicts: litigation over phenylpropanolamine (PPA), a drug suspected of causing strokes; and over silicone gel breast implants, alleged to cause immune system disorders. Trial documents and videotaped testimony will be analyzed and personal interviews will be conducted to provide in-depth understanding of the uses of expert evidence after Daubert.The project will document and preserve the early history of Daubert's implementation by archiving pertinent written texts, videos, and interviews so as to assist future researchers in law and science. Project results will also help improve the education of judges, litigators, and expert witnesses.