Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Evaluating Retributive Justice in Croatia

康涅狄格大学研究生凯瑟琳·霍金斯将在理查德·A·威尔逊博士的指导下，对种族灭绝和其他形式的大规模暴力和侵犯人权行为后的当地知识、看法、经验和做法进行民族志研究。这项研究将在克罗地亚进行，那里的前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭（ICTY）即将结束其调查和起诉 20 世纪 90 年代初发生的侵犯人权行为的任务。研究人员试图确定当地正义观念与前南问题国际法庭阐述的国际法律概念之间的对应程度。地方司法模式和国际司法模式之间的重叠程度对国际刑事诉讼和其他过渡时期司法方法的适用性产生影响。迄今为止，围绕过去群体间暴力的国家建设、治愈和正义的应对规划和理论辩论中基本上没有本研究人员将采用的基础视角。研究人员将在克罗地亚的一个村庄进行民族志实地考察，那里的塞尔维亚回返者和波斯尼亚克族难民共同面临着冲突后持续存在的住房短缺和高失业率的困难。她将与当地家庭住在一起，开展志愿服务，并对 200 个家庭进行半结构化和结构化访谈或调查访谈。 作为受害者、肇事者或旁观者，个人经历的经验差异程度将增加对冲突后社会和政治背景的社会科学分析的深度。虽然之前的研究主要集中在前南问题国际法庭的司法程序和国内对其管辖权的遵守情况，但这项研究将为有关如何通过记录那些经历过犯罪的人（无论是作为犯罪者还是作为受害者）的观点来最好地解决侵犯人权问题的辩论提供丰富的本地数据。 研究人员试图了解国际层面做出的决策如何在日常生活中变得（或不变得）有意义。这项研究的结果可用于开发改进的方法，以提供问责制并结束暴力循环。该研究还将有助于研究生的教育。

University of Connecticut graduate student, Katharine Hawkins, with the guidance Dr. Richard A. Wilson, will undertake ethnographic research on local knowledge, perceptions, experiences, and practices after genocide and other forms of mass violence and human rights violations. The research is to be conducted in Croatia where the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) is nearing the end of its mandate to investigate and prosecute violations of human rights that occurred in the early 1990s. The researcher seeks to ascertain the degree of correspondence between local ideas of justice and international legal conceptions as articulated at the ICTY. The degree of overlap between local and international justice models has implications for the applicability of international criminal proceedings and other transitional justice methods.The ground-up perspective that this researcher will employ has heretofore been largely absent from the planning of responses and theoretical debates about nation building, healing, and justice that surround past intergroup violence. The researcher will conduct ethnographic fieldwork in a Croatian village where Serb returnees and Bosnian Croat refugees share the ongoing post-conflict difficulties of housing shortages and high unemployment rates. She will live with local families and undertake vounteer service, as well as conduct semi-structured and structured or survey interviews in 200 households. The degree of empirical variation in individuals' experiences, as victims, perpetrators, or bystanders, will add depth to social scientific analysis of the post-conflict social and political context. While previous studies have focused on the ICTY's judicial procedures and domestic compliance with its jurisdiction, this research will contribute rich, local data to the debate over how to best address human rights violations by documenting the views of those people who experienced the crimes, either as perpetrators or as victims. The researcher seek to understand how decisions made at the international level become (or do not become) meaningful in daily life. The results of this study may be used to develop improved methods for providing accountability and ending cycles of violence. The research also will contribute to the education of a graduate student.