Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Evaluating Retributive Justice in Croatia

康涅狄格大学研究生凯瑟琳·霍金斯（Katharine Hawkins）将在理查德·a·威尔逊（Richard A. Wilson）博士的指导下，对种族灭绝及其他形式的大规模暴力和侵犯人权事件后的当地知识、观念、经验和做法进行民族志研究。这项研究将在克罗地亚进行，前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭（前南问题国际法庭）调查和起诉1990年代初发生的侵犯人权事件的任务即将结束。研究人员试图确定当地的正义观念与前南问题国际法庭所阐述的国际法律观念之间的一致程度。地方和国际司法模式之间的重叠程度影响到国际刑事诉讼程序和其他过渡时期司法方法的适用性。迄今为止，本研究人员将采用的自下而上的观点在很大程度上缺席了关于过去群体间暴力的国家建设、治愈和正义的反应计划和理论辩论。研究人员将在克罗地亚的一个村庄进行人种学实地调查，在那里，塞族回返者和波斯尼亚克族难民共同面临冲突后住房短缺和高失业率的困难。她将与当地家庭一起生活并进行志愿者服务，并在200个家庭中进行半结构化和结构化或调查访谈。作为受害者、肇事者或旁观者的个人经历的经验差异程度将增加对冲突后社会和政治背景的社会科学分析的深度。虽然以前的研究集中在前南问题国际法庭的司法程序和对其管辖权的国内遵守情况，但这项研究将为关于如何通过记录作为犯罪者或受害者的经历者的观点来最好地处理侵犯人权行为的辩论提供丰富的当地数据。研究人员试图了解在国际层面上做出的决定如何在日常生活中变得（或不变得）有意义。这项研究的结果可以用来制定改进的方法，以提供问责制和结束暴力循环。这项研究也将有助于研究生的教育。

University of Connecticut graduate student, Katharine Hawkins, with the guidance Dr. Richard A. Wilson, will undertake ethnographic research on local knowledge, perceptions, experiences, and practices after genocide and other forms of mass violence and human rights violations. The research is to be conducted in Croatia where the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) is nearing the end of its mandate to investigate and prosecute violations of human rights that occurred in the early 1990s. The researcher seeks to ascertain the degree of correspondence between local ideas of justice and international legal conceptions as articulated at the ICTY. The degree of overlap between local and international justice models has implications for the applicability of international criminal proceedings and other transitional justice methods.The ground-up perspective that this researcher will employ has heretofore been largely absent from the planning of responses and theoretical debates about nation building, healing, and justice that surround past intergroup violence. The researcher will conduct ethnographic fieldwork in a Croatian village where Serb returnees and Bosnian Croat refugees share the ongoing post-conflict difficulties of housing shortages and high unemployment rates. She will live with local families and undertake vounteer service, as well as conduct semi-structured and structured or survey interviews in 200 households. The degree of empirical variation in individuals' experiences, as victims, perpetrators, or bystanders, will add depth to social scientific analysis of the post-conflict social and political context. While previous studies have focused on the ICTY's judicial procedures and domestic compliance with its jurisdiction, this research will contribute rich, local data to the debate over how to best address human rights violations by documenting the views of those people who experienced the crimes, either as perpetrators or as victims. The researcher seek to understand how decisions made at the international level become (or do not become) meaningful in daily life. The results of this study may be used to develop improved methods for providing accountability and ending cycles of violence. The research also will contribute to the education of a graduate student.