Kinetics of Inorganic Sulfide Mineral Oxidation in Seawater

海水中无机硫化物矿物氧化动力学

• 批准号: 0851028
• 负责人: Michael McKibben
• 金额: $ 16.33万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-02-15 至 2012-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0851028&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Kinetics; Inorganic; Sulfide; Mineral; Oxidation

The oxidation of sulfide minerals plays an important role along the seafloor in the energetics of redox-dependent organisms, and is a significant chemical pathway for the cycling of transition metals and sulfur from oceanic crust to seawater. In addition, in situ pulverization and mining of seafloor sulfide deposits create large amounts of reactive sulfide mineral grain surfaces whose rapid oxidation generates local acidity, potentially affecting sensitive oceanic biota. Thus, determining rates of sulfide mineral oxidation in seawater has merit to improve our understanding of these processes. In this project, a scientist from the University of California-Riverside would investigate the rates of abiotic oxidation of pyrite and chalcopyrite in synthetic seawater over a range of relevant chemical and physical conditions through the use of initial-rate batch reactors and longer-term mixed-flow reactors. This research would provide insight into (1) the quantitative effects of mineral surface area, pH, salinity, temperature and oxidant concentrations on rates of oxidation; (2) the nature and stability of the oxidation products; and (3) whether the mineral surface oxidation reactions limit the actual dissolution rates seen in nature. Results from this research would also enhance scientists? abilities to model and interpret data on sulfide oxidation in other geologic and geochemical settings than is currently possible. One African American graduate student and one Native American undergraduate student would be supported and trained as part of this project.

硫化物矿物的氧化作用在沿着海底依赖氧化还原的生物能量学中起着重要作用，是过渡金属和硫从大洋地壳向海水循环的重要化学途径。 此外，海底硫化物矿床的就地粉碎和开采会产生大量活性硫化物矿物颗粒表面，其快速氧化会产生局部酸性，可能影响敏感的海洋生物群。因此，确定海水中硫化物矿物氧化速率有利于提高我们对这些过程的理解。在该项目中，加利福尼亚大学河滨分校的一名科学家将通过使用初始速率间歇反应器和长期混流反应器，调查人造海水中黄铁矿和黄铜矿在一系列相关化学和物理条件下的非生物氧化速率。这项研究将深入了解（1）矿物表面积，pH值，盐度，温度和氧化剂浓度对氧化速率的定量影响;（2）氧化产物的性质和稳定性;（3）矿物表面氧化反应是否限制了自然界中的实际溶解速率。 这项研究的结果也将提高科学家？在其他地质和地球化学背景下，比目前可能的硫化物氧化建模和解释数据的能力。 作为该项目的一部分，将支助和培训一名非裔美国人研究生和一名美洲土著大学生。