Construction and Deployment of a Seafloor Drift-Corrected Pressure Gauge for Deformation Observation at Axial Volcano

用于轴状火山变形观测的海底漂移校正压力计的建造和部署

• 批准号: 0851540
• 负责人: Mark Zumberge
• 金额: $ 60.91万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0851540&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Construction; Deployment; Seafloor; Drift; Corrected

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)."Geodesy plays an important role in gaining understanding of the tectonics that shape Earth?s crust. Subaerial geodesy is a mature, advanced science. Submarine geodesy, on the other hand, limited by the opacity of seawater to electromagnetic radiation, is relatively new and is still in need of alternate techniques to detect seafloor deformation reliably. Acoustic methods to observe horizontal deformations of the seafloor have been successful, but the deep ocean sound velocity structure prohibits the technique from being useful in the vertical dimension. Fortunately, seawater pressure measurements provide a method to observe changes in vertical position with centimeter precision. A key factor, however, limits the ability to infer vertical deformation from seawater pressure change: the ever present and unpredictable drift in pressure gauges. The PI?s have designed and tested a laboratory prototype for a piston gauge pressure reference (PGPR). The prototype has a demonstrated repeatability equivalent to 0.5 cm of vertical deformation at a simulated depth representative of a mid-ocean ridge. The PI?s request funding to construct and deploy such an instrument on the seafloor to provide a means to remove drift from geodetic pressure gauges and allow observation of secular variation in seafloor height.Broader Impacts Development of new technologies for underwater geodesy is a needed step to further our understanding of processes along the several 10,000's km of submerged plate boundaries; it would also help with monitoring incipient landslides along the margins. It is therefore a critical field of research for the assessment of natural hazards in coastal areas.

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案(公法第111-5条)资助的。大地测量学在了解塑造S地壳的构造方面发挥着重要作用。航空大地测量学是一门成熟、先进的科学。另一方面，海底大地测量受海水对电磁辐射的不透明度的限制，是相对较新的，仍然需要替代技术来可靠地探测海底变形。声学方法观测海底水平形变已取得成功，但深海声速结构阻碍了该技术在垂直方向上的应用。幸运的是，海水压力测量提供了一种以厘米精度观察垂直位置变化的方法。然而，一个关键因素限制了从海水压力变化推断垂直变形的能力：压力表中始终存在且不可预测的漂移。皮？S设计并测试了活塞表压力基准的实验室样机。原型的重复性相当于0.5厘米的垂直形变，其模拟深度代表大洋中脊。皮？S要求提供资金，在海底建造和部署这样一台仪器，以提供一种消除大地压力计漂移的手段，并允许观察海底高度的长期变化。水下大地测量新技术的发展是加深我们对数十，000‘S潜板块边界过程的理解所必需的一步，它也将有助于监测边缘初期的滑坡。因此，评估沿海地区的自然灾害是一个重要的研究领域。