Decision Making Under Stress

人们必须经常在受到多重压力的情况下做出决定，这些压力包括时间压力、绩效压力，或者来自次要或不相关任务的注意力资源竞争。无论是在琐碎的决策中，还是在那些具有重大后果的决策中，这些情况都是普遍存在的。本研究通过以下几个方面对不同的压力源如何影响决策进行了全面的研究：1）除了决策结果之外，不同的压力源如何影响决策过程; 2）工作记忆的个体差异如何与决策中的不同压力源相互作用; 3）任务复杂性变化的影响; 4）决策行为的替代理论解释如何比较。这些任务将使用改进的眼动追踪方法和指标来执行。这项研究将产生有益于不同领域的规范性建议。首先，该项目的直接应用超出了基础研究的范围，扩展到有趣的应用环境中，在这些环境中，调查中的压力源无处不在，包括需要执行政策，军事和金融投资决策的情况。此外，这项研究将产生更多的诊断和准确的技术来衡量注意力分配，信息搜索和决策中的信息利用。 然后，这些技术可以应用于调查许多其他现象，如在线教学环境，消费者行为研究和人机可用性。

People must often make decisions while being subjected to multiple stressors such as time pressure, performance pressure, or competition for attentional resources from secondary or non-relevant tasks. These circumstances are ubiquitous in both trivial decisions as well as those with significant consequences. The proposed research undertakes a comprehensive examination at how different stressors affect decision making by looking at: 1) how different stressors affect the decision process in addition to decision outcomes, 2) how individual differences in working memory interact with different stressors in decision making, 3) the impact of changes in task complexity, and 4) how alternative theoretical explanations for decision behavior compare. These tasks will be performed using improved eye tracking methodology and metrics This research will generate prescriptive recommendations to benefit diverse fields. First, direct applications of this project extend beyond basic research to interesting applied settings where the stressors under investigation are omnipresent, including situations requiring executive policy, military, and financial investment decisions. Additionally, this research will produce more diagnostic and accurate techniques for measuring attention allocation, information search, and information utilization in decision making. These techniques can then be applied to investigate many other phenomena, such as online instruction environments, consumer behavior research, and human-computer usability.