Decision Making Under Stress

压力下的决策

• 批准号: 0851990
• 负责人: Joseph Johnson
• 金额: $ 42.99万
• 依托单位: Miami University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-03-01 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0851990&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Decision; Making; Under; Stress

People must often make decisions while being subjected to multiple stressors such as time pressure, performance pressure, or competition for attentional resources from secondary or non-relevant tasks. These circumstances are ubiquitous in both trivial decisions as well as those with significant consequences. The proposed research undertakes a comprehensive examination at how different stressors affect decision making by looking at: 1) how different stressors affect the decision process in addition to decision outcomes, 2) how individual differences in working memory interact with different stressors in decision making, 3) the impact of changes in task complexity, and 4) how alternative theoretical explanations for decision behavior compare. These tasks will be performed using improved eye tracking methodology and metrics This research will generate prescriptive recommendations to benefit diverse fields. First, direct applications of this project extend beyond basic research to interesting applied settings where the stressors under investigation are omnipresent, including situations requiring executive policy, military, and financial investment decisions. Additionally, this research will produce more diagnostic and accurate techniques for measuring attention allocation, information search, and information utilization in decision making. These techniques can then be applied to investigate many other phenomena, such as online instruction environments, consumer behavior research, and human-computer usability.

人们经常必须在面临多重压力的情况下做出决定，如时间压力、成绩压力，或者次要或无关任务对注意力资源的竞争。无论是在琐碎的决定中，还是在那些具有重大后果的决定中，这些情况都是普遍存在的。这项研究对不同的压力源如何影响决策进行了全面的考察：1)除了影响决策结果外，不同的压力源如何影响决策过程；2)工作记忆中的个体差异如何与决策中的不同压力源相互作用；3)任务复杂性的变化对决策的影响；以及4)决策行为的其他理论解释如何比较。这些任务将使用改进的眼球跟踪方法和指标进行，这项研究将产生使不同领域受益的说明性建议。首先，该项目的直接应用从基础研究扩展到有趣的应用环境，在那里，被调查的压力源无处不在，包括需要执行政策、军事和金融投资决策的情况。此外，这项研究将产生更具诊断性和更准确的技术来衡量注意力分配、信息搜索和决策中的信息利用。然后，这些技术可以应用于研究许多其他现象，如在线教学环境、消费者行为研究和人机可用性。