Response dynamics in decision making

决策中的响应动态

• 批准号: 1260882
• 负责人: Joseph Johnson
• 金额: $ 28.96万
• 依托单位: Miami University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-03-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1260882&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Response; dynamics; decision; making

Recent advances in decision research seek to identify the cognitive and brain processes that cause people to choose one option over another. This is notable because it allows us to understand and predict not just what decisions people make, but why they make them. One significant limitation of this more meaningful work is the lack of empirical methods that are capable of revealing the inner workings of an individual's thinking while they choose among options. The current work remedies this shortcoming by examining a new measure of choice behavior -- the movement of a person's hand, arm, or other effector, while they are trying to pick one option over others in tasks requiring them to make choices. Human movement, often referred to as response dynamics in this context, has become an exciting new metric for a number of cognitive processes thought to be hidden from view inside the "black box" of the mind. The innovation of the current research program is to validate and extend this methodology using computational modeling, neuro-electric brain imagery, and additional physiological measures (e.g., eye-tracking) to further reveal how response dynamics can inform scientists about how people make choices.There are many opportunities for broader impact of this research beyond the immediate scope and research questions. First, the systematic and comprehensive investigation of the limitations, qualifications, and generalizability of the response dynamics paradigm can influence other domains where it has been employed, including: categorization, speech perception, stereotyping, deceptive intentions, learning and memory, and perception of culture, race and gender. Second, the theoretical questions addressed can make significant contributions to specific content areas and real-world issues. Any situation where society might benefit from better understanding of how individual decision-making actually occurs -- such as public policy making, educational reform, medical care choices, etc. -- stands to gain from our theoretical advances. For example, we would have new potential to target interventions to improve suboptimal or deviant decision making, and/or to structure decision situations to account for people's natural tendencies.

决策研究的最新进展试图确定导致人们做出选择的认知和大脑过程。这是值得注意的，因为它使我们不仅可以理解和预测人们做出什么决定，还可以理解和预测他们为什么做出决定。这项更有意义的工作的一个重要限制是，缺乏能够揭示个人在选择选项时思维内部运作的经验方法。目前的研究通过研究一种新的选择行为测量方法来弥补这一缺陷——当人们在需要他们做出选择的任务中试图从其他选项中选择一个时，他们的手、手臂或其他效应器的运动。在这种情况下，人类运动通常被称为反应动力学，它已经成为一个令人兴奋的新指标，用于研究一些被认为隐藏在大脑“黑盒子”内的认知过程。当前研究项目的创新之处在于，利用计算建模、神经电脑成像和额外的生理测量（如眼球追踪）来验证和扩展这种方法，以进一步揭示反应动力学如何让科学家了解人们是如何做出选择的。除了当前的研究范围和研究问题之外，本研究还有很多机会产生更广泛的影响。首先，对反应动力学范式的局限性、资格和概括性进行系统和全面的调查，可以影响它所应用的其他领域，包括：分类、言语感知、刻板印象、欺骗意图、学习和记忆，以及对文化、种族和性别的感知。其次，所解决的理论问题可以对特定内容领域和现实世界的问题做出重大贡献。在任何情况下，社会都可以从更好地理解个人决策的实际过程中受益——比如公共政策制定、教育改革、医疗选择等——都可以从我们的理论进步中获益。例如，我们将有新的潜力来针对干预措施，以改善次优或偏差决策，和/或构建决策情况，以解释人们的自然倾向。