Microalgal-based Production of Biofuels and High Energy Combustion Materials

基于微藻的生物燃料和高能燃烧材料生产

• 批准号: 0853483
• 负责人: Kelly Rusch
• 金额: $ 29.91万
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0853483&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Microalgal; based; Production; Biofuels; Energy

0853483RuschThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Summary Intellectual Merit: This proposal will investigate the factors that result in optimal production of high energy lipids and biopolymers in the microalgal and cyanobacteria species of the genera Botryococcus, Nannochloropsis, Synechocystis, and Nostoc. The overall goal of this project is to develop a technical and economically feasible method to obtain and extract high energy storage products from microalgae through environmentally friendly processes. The large scale experimentation will be performed using the Hydraulically Integrated Serial Turbidostat Algal Reactor (HISTAR). HISTAR incorporates inoculums generation, biomass production and harvesting in a series of reactors, allowing for a high local dilution rate to mitigate contaminant introduction and low system dilution rate to increase productivity. The design of the system has shown to have higher yields and reduced problems commonly observed in closed bioreactors such as wall growth, heat accumulation and poor gas exchange. The goal will be achieved by testing the following hypothesis: 1) bench scale microalgae or cyanobacteria culture results can be scaled to commercial levels within HISTAR; 2) lipids and PHA can be co-produced in certain cyanobacteria species; 3) C:N ratio will impact the lipid and PHA content of the algal cells; 4) lipid and PHA extraction efficiency (and thus cost) will vary with the extraction method used; 5) the use of nanostructured metals can enhance the extraction processes; and 6) a microalgal productivity model can adequately predict lipid and PHA yields from intensive, continuous microalgal cultures. These objectives will be tested in four phases: 1) production of biomass, lipid and PHA in batch systems; 2) culture of one microalgae and one cyanobacteria species in the HISTAR system; 3) evaluation of extraction methods for the lipids and PHA, as well as quantification of the total energy content of the biomass produced, and 4) cost:benefit analysis of each process pathway via modeling. The outcomes from this work will provide a better scientific understanding of the processes dictating successful microalgal culture for biofuels and foundation for a commercial approach to cultivating microalgae with increased energy content (PHA) and/or lipids (oil extraction). Broader impact: This proposal topic lends itself to several formal/informal educational activities, several of which will be disseminated through the Louisiana Sea Grant College Program (Ocean Commotion), Cain Center for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Literacy (Teacher Prep), Office of Diversity Programs in Engineering (REHAMS and XCITE) and American Chemical Society (Super Science Saturday). The results of this work will be disseminated through technical meetings, journal papers and through web based documents. Society benefits expected from this project is the increase of production of biomass based high energy products to reduce the consumption of oil based fuels and polymers and thus reduces the dependency on foreign oil.

该奖项是根据2009年《美国复苏和再投资法案》(公法111-5)资助的。总结知识价值：该建议将调查导致葡萄球菌属、微绿球藻属、聚球藻属和念珠藻属的微藻和蓝藻物种最佳生产高能脂肪和生物聚合物的因素。该项目的总体目标是开发一种技术上和经济上可行的方法，通过环境友好的工艺从微藻中获得和提取高储能产品。大型实验将使用水力集成串联式涡轮定常藻类反应器(HISTAR)进行。HISTAR在一系列反应器中整合了接种物生成、生物质生产和收获，允许较高的局部稀释率来减少污染物的引入，并允许较低的系统稀释率来提高生产率。该系统的设计表明，该系统具有更高的产率，并减少了封闭式生物反应器中常见的问题，如壁厚增长、热积累和气体交换不良。该目标将通过检验下列假设来实现：1)在HISTAR内，小试规模的微藻或蓝藻培养结果可以达到商业水平；2)某些蓝藻物种可以同时产生脂类和PHA；3)C：N比将影响藻细胞的脂类和PHA含量；4)脂类和PHA的提取效率(及成本)将因使用的提取方法而异；5)纳米结构金属的使用可以提高提取过程；6)微藻生产力模型能够充分预测密集、连续的微藻培养中的脂类和PHA产量。这些目标将分四个阶段进行测试：1)在分批系统中生产生物质、脂肪和PHA；2)在HISTAR系统中培养一种微藻和一种蓝藻；3)评估脂肪和PHA的提取方法，以及量化所生产的生物质的总能量含量；以及4)成本：通过建模对每种工艺途径进行效益分析。这项工作的结果将使人们更好地科学地理解成功培育微藻用于生物燃料的过程，并为以商业方法培育能量含量更高(PHA)和/或脂肪含量更高的微藻(石油提取)奠定基础。更广泛的影响：这一提案主题适用于几个正式/非正式的教育活动，其中几个将通过路易斯安那州海洋赠款大学计划(Ocean Commotion)、凯恩科学、技术、工程和数学扫盲中心(教师预备)、工程多样性办公室计划(REHAMS和XCite)和美国化学协会(超级科学星期六)进行传播。这项工作的成果将通过技术会议、期刊论文和基于网络的文件传播。该项目的预期社会效益是增加基于生物质的高能产品的生产，以减少基于石油的燃料和聚合物的消耗，从而减少对外国石油的依赖。