Multiple Tiered Methodology for Micro- to Macro-Scale Assessment of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (M4-PHEVs)

用于插电式混合动力汽车 (M4-PHEV) 微观到宏观评估的多层方法

• 批准号: 0853766
• 负责人: H. Christopher Frey
• 金额: $ 47万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-10-01 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0853766&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Multiple; Tiered; Methodology; Micro; Macro

0853766FreyThe PI plans to develop M4-PHEV, a new Multiple-tiered Methodology for Micro- to Macro-scale assessment of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) direct and indirect energy use and emissions (EU&E). This framework will enable accurate assessment of the energy use and emissions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) at high spatial and temporal resolution, as well as at regional and national scales, using consistent data and coordinated approaches. The EU&E impacts will account for consumption of fossil fuels (gasoline, diesel), biofuels (ethanol, biodiesel), and electricity. The main objectives are to: (1) develop and demonstrate a new methodological framework for multi-scale modeling that links sensor data to micro-scale models, and micro-scale outputs to energy system model inputs; (2) create micro-scale models of PHEV energy use and emissions at high spatial and temporal resolution with explicit consideration of four vehicle fuels: gasoline, diesel, ethanol, and biodiesel; and (3) use the MARKAL energy systems model to provide a robust, quantitative characterization of PHEV energy use and emissions under U.S. market penetration scenarios. They will develop a new methodology for real-world field data collection and analysis of second-by-second activity, energy use, and emissions of PHEVs using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). They will quantify how vehicle energy consumption fluctuates between the engine and battery systems as a function of externally-observable factors such as roadway type, speed, acceleration, road grade, and ambient conditions. Detailed models of PHEV fuel and electricity use will be derived. The models will allocate energy use and tailpipe emissions in time and space. We will account for charge depleting and charge sustaining modes. We will build upon our recent work, using PEMS to quantify the effect of biodiesel versus petroleum diesel, as well as ethanol versus gasoline, to assess biofueled-PHEVs. The microscale models will enable comparison of PHEVs with previously developed microscale models for conventional vehicles in order to quantify the marginal impact of PHEVs under specific real-world conditions. The macro-scale approach will feature the use of a MARKet ALlocation (MARKAL) energy systems model with a 9-region representation of the U.S. in order to assess how the demand for electricity and fuels by PHEVs affects choices among vehicle and power generation technologies, end-use electricity demand across the economy, resource utilization, and regional emissions. They will share results of this work, via a 5-point dissemination plan, with students, the public, practitioners, decision-makers, international collaborators, and researchers to enable realization of the broader impacts of this work. The key hypotheses of this work are: (a) quantitatively accounting for vehicle-specific micro-scale impacts of PHEVs enables development of energy use and emissions models with improved accuracy and precision; (b) such models can be aggregated to develop accurate and precise estimates of EU&E for vehicle fleets and longer time scales; and (c) a modeling framework at multiple scales enables quantification of not only the marginal effects of one PHEV in place of one conventional vehicle, but the system-wide implications for resource utilization and secondary shifts in energy mix, including the impacts of PHEV use of biofuels versus fossil fuels. PHEVs will use energy differently and emit tailpipe emissions intermittently compared to conventional vehicles. Their wide-scale deployment will lead to the complex coupling of the transportation and power generation energy sectors. In addition, the timing and location of direct and indirect emissions from PHEVs is critical to the accurate quantification of localized air quality impacts. This project will provide new methods and data for: (a) more precise estimates of micro-scale vehicle-specific EU&E to support improved emission inventory development; (b) development of a consistent framework for estimating EU&E at different temporal and spatial scales; (c) enabling an improved basis for evaluation of transportation improvement programs (TIPs) and (d) an improved basis for real-time estimation and management of EU&E. This work will impact undergraduate and graduate students who participate in the research, and will be shared with the public, practitioners, and others via a detailed dissemination plan.

0853766FreyPI计划开发M4-PHEV，这是一种新的多层次方法，用于插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)直接和间接能源使用和排放的微观到宏观评估(EU&amp；E)。这一框架将使用一致的数据和协调一致的方法，在高空间和时间分辨率以及区域和国家范围内准确评估插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)的能源使用和排放。欧盟和欧盟的影响将考虑化石燃料(汽油、柴油)、生物燃料(乙醇、生物柴油)和电力的消费。主要目标是：(1)开发和演示新的多尺度建模方法框架，将传感器数据与微尺度模型联系起来，并将微尺度输出与能源系统模型输入联系起来；(2)在明确考虑四种车用燃料(汽油、柴油、乙醇和生物柴油)的情况下，以高空间和时间分辨率创建PHEV能源使用和排放的微观尺度模型；以及(3)使用Markal能源系统模型来提供美国市场渗透情景下PHEV能源使用和排放的稳健、定量表征。他们将开发一种新的方法，使用便携式排放测量系统(PEMS)收集和分析PHEV的逐秒活动、能源使用和排放的真实世界数据。他们将量化车辆的能量消耗如何在发动机和电池系统之间波动，作为外部可观察因素的函数，如道路类型、速度、加速度、道路等级和环境条件。将推导出PHEV燃料和电力使用的详细模型。这些模型将在时间和空间上分配能源使用和尾气排放。我们将考虑电荷耗尽和电荷维持模式。我们将在最近工作的基础上，使用PEMS来量化生物柴油与石油柴油的影响，以及乙醇与汽油的影响，以评估生物燃料混合动力电动汽车。微型模型将能够将混合动力电动汽车与以前为传统车辆开发的微型模型进行比较，以便量化混合动力电动汽车在特定现实世界条件下的边际影响。宏观范围的方法将使用市场配置(Markal)能源系统模型，其中包含美国的9个地区代表，以评估混合动力汽车对电力和燃料的需求如何影响车辆和发电技术、整个经济体的终端用电需求、资源利用和地区排放之间的选择。他们将通过五点传播计划与学生、公众、实践者、决策者、国际合作者和研究人员分享这项工作的成果，以实现这项工作的更广泛影响。这项工作的主要假设是：(A)对混合动力电动汽车具体车辆微观尺度的影响进行量化核算，从而能够以更高的准确度和精确度制定能源使用和排放模型；(B)这种模型可以合并在一起，以便为车队和更长时间尺度的车辆编制出准确和准确的欧盟和排放估计数；(C)多尺度的建模框架不仅能够量化一种混合动力电动汽车取代一辆传统汽车的边际影响，而且能够量化对资源利用和能源组合的二次转变的全系统影响，包括使用生物燃料和化石燃料的混合动力电动汽车的影响。与传统汽车相比，混合动力汽车将以不同的方式使用能源，间歇性地排放尾气排放。它们的广泛部署将导致交通和发电能源部门的复杂耦合。此外，混合动力电动汽车直接和间接排放的时间和地点对于准确量化局部空气质量影响至关重要。该项目将为以下方面提供新的方法和数据：(A)更准确地估计特定于车辆的微尺度EU&amp；E，以支持改进的排放清单编制；(B)制定在不同时间和空间尺度上估算EU&amp；E的一致框架；(C)改进交通改善计划(TIPS)的评估基础；(D)改进EU&amp；E实时评估和管理的基础。这项工作将影响参与研究的本科生和研究生，并将通过详细的传播计划与公众、从业者和其他人分享。