Exploring Macromolecular Architecture and the Control of Nanoenvironment with Polymeric Catalysts

探索高分子结构和聚合物催化剂对纳米环境的控制

• 批准号: 0906638
• 负责人: Jean M. J. Frechet
• 金额: $ 48万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0906638&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Exploring; Macromolecular; Architecture; Control; Nanoenvironment

TECHNICAL SUMMARY:The design and synthesis of polymers with controlled architecture and functionality that can perform catalytic functions or act as transport channels is undertaken. The overall design of the macromolecules requires that fine control over both architecture and the placement of functional groups within the active macromolecules be achieved. For transport channels, dendronized macromolecules that possess a tubular shape are expected to be most appropriate in analogy to biological channels that result from the self assembly of several proteins. For catalysis, globular macromolecules based on a star architecture enable the incorporation of a catalytic core while the arms of the star may provide for site isolation in analogy with the site isolated core of catalytic enzymes. This program exploring new ways to obtain functional macromolecules with persistent structural features will make use of all the tools of modern synthetic polymer chemistry while also developing new reactions, methods of assembly, and methods of characterization. Applications of the macromolecules in catalytic processes, the sequestration or the transport of materials will also be explored in proof-of-concept studies.NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY This project is directed towards the design of novel polymeric materials that can help meet the needs of society in areas as varied as the manufacturing of novel substances, water purification, or the removal of pollutants from waste streams. Both the shape and the function of the new polymeric materials draw some inspiration from natural biological systems, for example imitating natural enzymes in the way they facilitate chemical transformations, or mimicking the natural channels that selectively transport fluids or ions in and out of cells in the human body. The project will train young scientists at the state of the art in polymer science, a field of immense impact in our daily lives through new and unique materials as varied as specialty plastics, electronic and energy materials, or therapeutic and diagnostics agents.

技术概要：设计和合成具有可控结构和功能的聚合物，这些聚合物可以执行催化功能或充当运输通道。大分子的整体设计需要实现对活性大分子内的结构和官能团的布置的精细控制。对于转运通道，具有管状形状的树枝化大分子预计最适合于类比由几种蛋白质自组装产生的生物通道。对于催化，基于星星结构的球状大分子能够结合催化核心，而星星的臂可以提供类似于催化酶的位点隔离核心的位点隔离。该计划探索获得具有持久结构特征的功能大分子的新方法，将利用现代合成聚合物化学的所有工具，同时开发新的反应，组装方法和表征方法。还将在概念验证研究中探讨大分子在催化过程、封存或材料运输中的应用。 该项目旨在设计新型聚合物材料，以帮助满足社会在各种领域的需求，如制造新型物质，水净化或从废水中去除污染物。新聚合物材料的形状和功能都从自然生物系统中汲取了一些灵感，例如模仿天然酶促进化学转化的方式，或者模仿选择性地将流体或离子输送进出人体细胞的天然通道。该项目将培养聚合物科学领域的年轻科学家，这是一个通过特殊塑料，电子和能源材料或治疗和诊断剂等各种新型独特材料对我们日常生活产生巨大影响的领域。