Multifunctional Ferroelectric Single-crystal Architecture in Glass: Fabrication, Optical Properties, and Nanoscale Polar Order

非技术性描述：2007年，世界主要玻璃公司和学术界的研发领导者联合分析确定“微/纳米图案化和光刻”是在电子应用/纳米结构中引入玻璃新功能的最值得研究的课题之一。因此，本项目旨在创建铁电（单）晶体玻璃架构（FCGA）。它是一种新型材料，结合了铁电体的特殊电气，机械和光学功能与玻璃的坚固性，易成形性和低成本。FCGA将无源集成光学技术与选择性和局部定制的光学有源铁电结构无缝融合。这些材料将提供多种新颖的功能，例如微/纳米机电换能器、传感器;电可寻址非线性波导等，这对于下一代健康和环境监测设备、光通信网络和消费电子产品将是必不可少的。该项目的广泛影响进一步实现了显着扩大目前的教育方案设计的本科生和大学预科学生以及广大公众。他们包括本科生的国内和国际研究经验，？光营？为中学生，并与塔斯基吉大学合作-HBCU机构。技术规格：FCGAs的最佳发展需要对以下方面的基本理解：（i）通过连续波（CW）或飞秒（fs）激光在玻璃下的受控单晶生长到顺电到铁电转变，（ii）受限介电介质中小尺寸晶体的铁电响应的性质，以及（iii）在微米和纳米尺度上控制铁电和晶体有序。为了解决这些问题，一个由两名PI组成的团队和一名来自京都大学的合作者正在将他们在材料合成、激光控制制造、铁电操纵和光学表征方面的综合专业知识应用于一个模型氧化物玻璃系统，该系统可能通过局部原子结构的重新配置而不改变成分来全等结晶并形成铁电晶体，从而简化数据的理论解释。通过激光照射的单晶生长的确切机制进行了研究，作为一个功能的激光特性与支持的结构信息，从电子显微镜和同步辐射X射线技术。受限晶体的铁电状态的特点是由PI开创的新的光谱技术。时间允许的话，实验计划建立的概念和可行性FCGA在红外透射硫系玻璃系统的连续激光。

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: In 2007, a joint analysis by the R&D leaders of the world's major glass companies and academia identified 'Micro/nanopatterning and Lithography' as one of the most deserving research topic for introducing new functionalities of glass in electronic applications/nanostructuring. Accordingly, this project aims on creating ferroelectric (single) crystal-in-glass architecture (FCGA). It is a new class of material that combines the exceptional electrical, mechanical, and optical functionalities of ferroelectrics with the robustness, easy formability and low cost of glass. The FCGA seamlessly merges the passive integrated optical technology with optically active ferroelectrics structures that are selectively and locally tailored. These materials would provide multiple novel functionalities, such as micro/nano electro-mechanical transducers, sensors; electrically addressable nonlinear waveguides; etc., which will be essential for the next generation of health and environmental monitoring devices, optical communication networks, and consumer electronics. The broad impact of the project is further realized by significantly expanding the current educational programs designed for the undergraduate and pre-college students as well as the public-at-large. They include domestic and international research experience for undergraduates, ?Opto-camps? for middle school children, and collaboration with Tuskegee University - an HBCU institution. TECHNICAL DETAILS: The optimum development of FCGAs requires a fundamental understanding of (i) the controlled single crystal growth by continuous wave (CW) or femtosecond (fs) laser light under glass to paraelectric to ferroelectric transformation, (ii) the nature of ferroelectric response of small dimension crystals in a confined dielectric medium, and (iii) control of ferroelectric and crystal order on the micro and nano scale. To address these issues, a team of two PIs and a collaborator from Kyoto University are applying their combined expertise in materials synthesis, laser-controlled fabrication, ferroelectric manipulation and optical characterization to a model oxide glass system that is likely to crystallize congruently and form ferroelectric crystal by reconfiguration of local atomic structure alone with no change of composition, thus simplifying theoretical interpretation of data. The exact mechanism of single crystal growth by laser irradiation is investigated as a function of laser characteristics with supporting structural information from electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray techniques. The ferroelectric state of confined crystals is characterized by novel spectroscopic techniques pioneered by the PIs. Time permitting, experiments are planned for establishing the concepts and viability of FCGA in an infrared transmitting chalcogenide glass system by CW laser light.