HCC: Large: Collaborative Research: Widescale Computer-Mediated Communication in Crisis Response: Roles, Trust & Accuracy in the Social Distribution of Information

HCC：大型：协作研究：危机应对中的大规模计算机介导的通信：角色、信任

• 批准号: 0910586
• 负责人: Leysia Palen
• 金额: $ 239.65万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0910586&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HCC; Large; Collaborative; Research; Widescale

Information and communication technology (ICT) promises to help reduce impacts of large-scale disruptions from natural hazards, pandemics, and terrorist threat. This research focuses on a critical aspect of large-scale emergency response -- the needs and roles of members of the public. By viewing the citizenry as a powerful, self-organizing, and collectively intelligent force, ICT can play a transformational role in crisis situations. This view of a civil society augmented by ICT is based on socio-behavioral knowledge about how people behave in crisis, rather than on simplified and mythical portrayals. With a critical reframing of emergency response as a socially-distributed information system, the project aims to leverage the knowledge of members of the public through reuse of publicly available computer mediated communications (CMCs) (e.g., community, mapping, and social networking sites; blogs; Twitter). The project will study and integrate that heterogeneous information and -- with techniques of information extraction through natural language processing as well as trust and reputation modeling -- add meta-information to help users assess context, validity, source, credibility, and timeliness to make the best decisions for their highly localized, changing conditions.The results of this research addresses matters of policy, practice and technological innovation, responding directly to needs identified in national policy statements, including Grand Challenge #1 of the National Science and Technology Council's Subcommittee on Disaster Reduction, which calls for the provision of "hazard and disaster information where and when it is needed" (SDR, 2005). At-risk populations are disproportionately affected by crises; the results of this research could mitigate the impacts on these communities. The research is also inclusive of people across different cultures/ethnic groups within the U.S. and from different countries. The project broadens the future STEM workforce, since socio-technical and practical orientations to computational research attract women to study STEM disciplines. The research contributions include cyberinfrastructure-aware applications, techniques, and services built from empirical knowledge of the social structures that produce crisis data.

信息和通信技术 (ICT) 有望帮助减少自然灾害、流行病和恐怖主义威胁造成的大规模破坏的影响。这项研究的重点是大规模应急响应的一个关键方面——公众的需求和作用。通过将公民视为强大的、自组织的和集体智慧的力量，信息通信技术可以在危机局势中发挥变革性作用。这种通过信息通信技术增强公民社会的观点是基于人们在危机中如何表现的社会行为知识，而不是基于简化和神话般的描述。该项目将应急响应重新构建为社会分布式信息系统，旨在通过重复使用公开的计算机媒介通信 (CMC)（例如社区、地图和社交网站、博客、Twitter）来利用公众的知识。该项目将研究和整合这些异构信息，并通过自然语言处理以及信任和声誉建模进行信息提取技术，添加元信息以帮助用户评估背景、有效性、来源、可信度和及时性，从而针对其高度本地化、不断变化的条件做出最佳决策。这项研究的结果涉及政策、实践和技术创新问题，直接响应国家政策声明中确定的需求，包括《重大挑战》#1 国家科学技术委员会减灾小组委员会呼吁“在需要的地方和时间提供危险和灾害信息”（SDR，2005）。高危人群受危机影响尤为严重；这项研究的结果可以减轻对这些社区的影响。该研究还包括美国境内和不同国家的不同文化/种族群体的人们。该项目拓宽了未来的 STEM 劳动力队伍，因为计算研究的社会技术和实践方向吸引了女性学习 STEM 学科。研究贡献包括根据产生危机数据的社会结构的经验知识构建的网络基础设施感知应用程序、技术和服务。