HCC: Large: Collaborative Research: Beyond Flat Images: Acquiring, Processing, and Fabricating Visually Rich Material Appearance

HCC：大型：协作研究：超越平面图像：获取、处理和制造视觉丰富的材料外观

• 批准号: 1451828
• 负责人: Ravi Ramamoorthi
• 金额: $ 24.31万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1451828&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HCC; Large; Collaborative; Research; Beyond

Despite revolutionary advances in how images are recorded, manipulated, and reproduced, our ability to re-create the visual experience remains remarkably limited. Few realistic computer models exist for the characteristic appearance of natural materials such as marble, wood, coral, or skin, or man-made ones such as color-shifting automotive paints. Digitizing and creating realistic images of these substances involves reproducing their interaction with light: the way light is reflected from surfaces, or scattered and absorbed within the materials. Full reproducibility also involves "printing" a material as a real, physical object that modulates the light around us. However, it is currently impossible to output complex appearance the way we print color on a paper with fixed gloss, or create shapes using a 3D printer. This project encompasses a comprehensive, collaborative research agenda in computer graphics and related areas, to develop an end-to-end framework for acquiring, representing, and fabricating complex appearance, as well as to understand how it is perceived by the human visual system.The enabling technical idea of the project is to treat materials as thin three-dimensional volumes populated with general scattering sites. This is a radical departure from the hitherto standard approach in computer graphics, which has studied materials purely as surfaces. The volumetric representation subsumes and generalizes the diverse set of conventional representations that currently exist in graphics, including surface-based notions such as bidirectional reflectance (BRDF), spatially varying BRDF, and subsurface scattering distributions (BSSRDF). Moreover, it enables fundamentally improved approaches to efficient yet general acquisition, fast and realistic rendering, and fabrication of objects exhibiting phenomena beyond simple surface reflectance and spatially homogeneous subsurface scattering.

尽管在图像的记录、处理和复制方面取得了革命性的进步，但我们重新创造视觉体验的能力仍然非常有限。对于大理石、木材、珊瑚、皮肤等天然材料或变色汽车涂料等人造材料的特征外观，几乎没有真实的计算机模型存在。数字化和创造这些物质的逼真图像涉及到再现它们与光的相互作用：光从表面反射的方式，或者在材料内部散射和吸收的方式。完全可复制性还包括“打印”一种材料，使其成为真实的物理物体，可以调节我们周围的光线。然而，目前还不可能像我们在固定光泽度的纸上打印颜色那样输出复杂的外观，或者使用3D打印机创建形状。该项目包括计算机图形学和相关领域的全面合作研究议程，以开发端到端框架，用于获取，表示和制造复杂的外观，以及了解人类视觉系统如何感知它。该项目的技术理念是将材料视为具有一般散射点的薄三维体。这是对计算机图形学迄今为止的标准方法的彻底背离，该方法仅将材料作为表面进行研究。体积表示包含并概括了目前存在于图形中的各种传统表示，包括基于表面的概念，如双向反射（BRDF）、空间变化的BRDF和次表面散射分布（BSSRDF）。此外，它从根本上改进了有效而通用的获取方法，快速而逼真的渲染，以及显示简单表面反射和空间均匀次表面散射以外现象的物体的制造。