III: Small: High Throughput Real-Time Astronomy: Discrimiation, Dissemination and Decision

III：小：高通量实时天文学：判别、传播和决策

• 批准号: 0915473
• 负责人: Roy Williams
• 金额: $ 47.91万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0915473&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: III; Small; Throughput; Real; Time

This proposal will be awarded using funds made available by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Intellectual Merit:We propose to build an event-driven network, a continuation of the NSF VOEventNet, applying the event-driven technology to Astronomy. There are many large surveys coming online (CRTS, PTF, LOFAR, LIGO, LSST, SKA etc) that are scanning the sky repeatedly, to find what is changing and why. Observation can be caused by supernova, gamma-ray burst, blazar eruption, planetary microlensing, or other exciting astrophysics. In many cases, rapid dissemination and follow-up observation is the key to discovery, to get magnitudes and multi-wavelength coverage.The new VOEventNet will ingest events from multiple event surveys, professional and amateur and disseminate them for free at all levels, from child to major observatory. Trigger (selection) criteria can be built precisely and individually. When an event arrives, these triggers (boolean functions) are run to decide if an action is to happen or not. These triggers will work with heterogeneous, multi-sourced data. Actions can include the moving and operating of a sensor, either human or robot guided, sending messages, fetching data to build a data portfolio, and running classification rules. Further, actions can cause the generation of new events, thus inducing a workflow. Events come in real time from an automated pipeline of a major sky survey or from a small college observatory or amateur astronomer doing follow-up observations. These authors have previously registered the semantic meaning of the parameters that will be used in the actual events, so that automated systems can be effective, real-time, semantically aware decision-makers. The new VOEventNet will use an international standard (VOEvent) to be part of the global event infrastructure, exchanging events with other event brokers, such as NASA's GCN.Broader Impact:We propose here a cyber-infrastructure for events that are created from real-time sensors. The sensor could be many things, for example a radiation detector at a port. Excess click rate of the Geiger counter creates an event that is automatically assembled with other data, such as country of origin, and decisions made, perhaps using an additional sensor, the results triggering another action. Only important events merit human attention. This "Sensor-Event-Action" pattern occurs in many other fields of science and engineering, for example early earthquake warning, network provisioning when an internet story becomes viral, leak or pollution detection, and many others.

该提案将使用2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）提供的资金进行奖励。智力优点：我们建议建立一个事件驱动的网络，NSF VOEventNet的延续，将事件驱动的技术应用于天文学。有许多大型的在线调查（CRTS，PTF，LOFAR，LIGO，LSST，SKA等）正在反复扫描天空，以找到变化的原因。观测可以由超新星、伽玛射线爆发、耀变体爆发、行星微透镜或其他令人兴奋的天体物理学引起。在许多情况下，快速传播和后续观测是发现的关键，以获得震级和多波长覆盖，新的VOEventNet将从专业和业余的多个事件调查中获取事件，并在各级免费传播，从儿童到主要天文台。触发（选择）标准可以精确地和单独地建立。当一个事件到达时，这些触发器（布尔函数）被运行来决定一个动作是否发生。这些触发器将适用于异构、多源数据。动作可以包括移动和操作传感器，无论是人类还是机器人引导，发送消息，获取数据以构建数据组合，以及运行分类规则。此外，动作可以导致新事件的生成，从而引发工作流。这些事件都是在真实的时间里从一个主要的天空观测的自动化管道或从一个小型的大学天文台或业余天文学家做后续观测。这些作者之前已经注册了将在实际事件中使用的参数的语义含义，以便自动化系统可以是有效的，实时的，语义感知的决策者。新的VOEventNet将使用国际标准（VOEvent）作为全球事件基础设施的一部分，与其他事件经纪人（如NASA的GCN）交换事件。更广泛的影响：我们在这里提出了一个网络基础设施，用于从实时传感器创建的事件。传感器可以是许多东西，例如端口处的辐射检测器。盖革计数器的过量点击率产生一个事件，该事件与其他数据（例如原产国）和所做的决定（可能使用额外的传感器）自动组合，结果触发另一个动作。只有重大事件才值得人们关注。这种“传感器-事件-动作”模式出现在许多其他科学和工程领域，例如地震预警、互联网故事病毒式传播时的网络配置、泄漏或污染检测等等。