Conflict, Social Behavior and Evolution

冲突、社会行为与进化

• 批准号: 0920344
• 负责人: Richard Prum
• 金额: $ 38.49万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0920344&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Conflict; Social; Behavior; Evolution

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Conflict between the sexes over control of fertilization is expected to be widespread among organisms, but its evolutionary consequences are still poorly understood particularly in vertebrate animals. Waterfowl have complex breeding systems that include female partner preferences based on elaborate male plumage and courtship display, and unsolicited reproductive attempts by males other than the female's chosen partner. Female ducks show resistance behaviors and anatomies that have coevolved with male coercion. Ducks are ideally suited to study the evolution of sexual conflict and the evolution of reproductive structures. The project examines how reproductive morphology covaries with season, age, and social environment in a diverse sample of duck species that differ in ecology, territoriality and breeding system. Preliminary results of the project, suggest that male competition plays an important role in the evolution of waterfowl reproductive morphology, that male reproductive morphology is plastic depending on age and condition, and between species with different breeding systems. The project constitutes an exciting opportunity to investigate the role of sexual conflict on the evolution of reproductive structures in the context of social and behavioral complexity in vertebrates. Broader impacts of the research will be international, national, local, and personal. The first research publication related to this project was widely disseminated in popular newspapers, magazines, television programs, websites and blogs. The project will incorporate high school students from under-represented minorities through the Yale University EVOLUTIONISTS program, which serves students in New Haven, CT. The experimental manipulations suggested in this project will be carried out at a non-profit conservation organization (LRWC.net) whose mission is to conserve waterfowl through education, research and outreach and this project will help to further their goals.

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。两性之间对受精控制的冲突预计将在生物体中广泛存在，但其进化后果仍然知之甚少，特别是在脊椎动物中。 水禽有复杂的繁殖系统，包括基于精心制作的雄性羽毛和求偶展示的雌性伴侣偏好，以及除了雌性选择的伴侣之外的雄性主动生殖尝试。 雌鸭表现出与雄性胁迫共同进化的抵抗行为和解剖结构。 鸭子非常适合研究性冲突的进化和生殖结构的进化。该项目研究了在不同的生态，领土和繁殖系统的鸭子物种的多样性样本中，生殖形态如何与季节，年龄和社会环境协变。 该项目的初步结果表明，雄性竞争在水禽生殖形态的进化中起着重要作用，雄性生殖形态取决于年龄和条件以及不同繁殖系统的物种之间的可塑性。该项目构成了一个令人兴奋的机会，调查在脊椎动物的社会和行为复杂性的背景下，性冲突对生殖结构进化的作用。研究的更广泛的影响将是国际，国家，地方和个人。与该项目有关的第一份研究出版物在大众报纸、杂志、电视节目、网站和博客上广泛传播。该项目将通过耶鲁大学的EVOLUTIONISTS计划将来自代表性不足的少数民族的高中生纳入其中，该计划为康涅狄格州纽黑文的学生提供服务。 该项目中建议的实验操作将在一个非营利保护组织（LRWC.net）中进行，该组织的使命是通过教育、研究和外展来保护水禽，该项目将有助于进一步实现他们的目标。