Doctoral Dissertation Research: Reemergence of Rehabilitation? Comparing the Policies and Practices of California Parole Before 1977 and After 2005

本论文项目追溯了加州惩教与假释制度中把改造作为目标的意义。2005年，加州对其惩教系统进行了重组，更加重视罪犯的改造。对于假释，转向改造似乎是20世纪70年代之前主导加州刑法的政策的重新出现。然而，目前尚不清楚的是，2005年后加州惩教系统中“改造”的含义是否与上世纪70年代之前的政策相似，还是有所不同。了解加州惩教系统中的改造意味着什么，以及它与以前的版本有何不同，就有必要了解改造是如何通过假释系统实现的。因此，本项目提出了以下问题：1)在2005年的立法和随后的系统重组中，将改造作为加州惩教系统的目标意味着什么？2)当前版本的康复是如何产生的？3)在加州的惩教制度背景下，当前的版本如何与先前的改造意义相比较？4)康复的立法意图如何影响假释实践？通过借鉴比较历史和文本分析的方法，本研究将重点关注改造意味着什么，当前对改造的呼吁是如何产生的，以及它与加州整个惩教系统中先前改造尝试的关系，更具体地说，在假释系统中。在这样做的过程中，本研究将试图提供一个更好的理解康复作为一个立法目标，以及康复是如何授权给假释制度。

This dissertation project traces the meaning of rehabilitation as a goal of the correctional and parole system in California. In 2005, California restructured its correctional system to place a greater emphasis on rehabilitation. For parole, the turn to rehabilitation appears as a reemergence of a policy that dominated California penal law before the 1970s. It is unclear, however, whether what is meant by "rehabilitation" in California's correctional system after 2005 is similar to the policies relied upon before the 1970s, or if it is something different. Understanding what is meant by rehabilitation in California's correctional system, and how it is different from previous versions, is necessary to understand how rehabilitation is achieved through the parole system. As such, this project asks the following questions: 1) What is meant by rehabilitation as a goal of California's correctional system as expressed in the 2005 legislation and subsequent reorganization of the system? 2) How did the current version of rehabilitation come about? 3) How does the current version compare to prior meanings of rehabilitation in the context of California's correctional system? and 4) How does the legislative intent of rehabilitation impact the practice of parole? By drawing on the methodologies of comparative historical and textual analyses, this study will focus on what rehabilitation means, how the current call for rehabilitation came about, and its relationship to prior attempts at rehabilitation within California's correctional system as a whole, and, more specifically, within the parole system. In so doing, this study will attempt to provide a better understanding of rehabilitation as a legislative goal and how rehabilitation is mandated to the parole system.