Genomic Approaches to Identify Insect Resistance Genes in Poplar Trees

鉴定杨树抗虫基因的基因组方法

• 批准号: 0922418
• 负责人: Steven Ralph
• 金额: $ 67.74万
• 依托单位: University of North Dakota Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0922418&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Genomic; Approaches; Identify; Insect; Resistance

PI: Steven G. Ralph (University of North Dakota)Co-PIs: Wenhao (David) Dai (North Dakota State University); Matias Kirst (University of Florida (UF)As sedentary organisms, plants cannot avoid or escape biotic (e.g., herbivorous insects and opportunistic pathogens) and abiotic (e.g., drought and extreme temperature) stresses in their local environment. Instead, plants have evolved an enormous diversity of anatomical structures and chemical defenses to protect themselves. In response to attack by feeding insects, plants deploy multiple defense mechanisms that are tightly regulated at the molecular level. One of the most successful approaches to identify genes responsible for variation in a trait of interest is to produce mutants that are then screened for alterations in the traits of interest. In previous studies, several dozen mutant lines in poplar trees (Populus spp.) were identified as resistant to feeding by defoliating insects. In this project, the modified gene in at least 10 of these insect resistant lines will be identified. The roles these genes play in mediating insect resistance will be systematically examined in poplar through both gene knock-down and over-expression studies. Furthermore, mutant plants will be subject to thorough phenotypic characterization that includes evaluation of global changes in gene expression and measurement of insect feeding performance and larval development. It is expected that these studies will provide new insight into the genes and pathways that enhance resistance to feeding insects. Identification of specific insect resistance genes will facilitate breeding of improved tree varieties in the future.This project will be performed by a team of scientists, graduate students and undergraduates from three universities. Students will receive intensive training in genomics, bioinformatics and biotechnology through participation in all aspects of the research. A new computer lab course in genomics will be developed at the University of North Dakota that will introduce undergraduate and graduate students to hands-on training in bioinformatic analysis of microarray data. These invaluable experiences will prepare students for future careers as professional biologists and educators. The long term goals of this project are to elucidate genetic mechanisms underlying insect resistance in perennial plants, and to incorporate this knowledge into existing tree breeding programs for better forest health. A detailed description of the results and protocols derived from this project can be viewed at http://www.und.edu/dept/biology/ralph/ralph.htm. All DNA sequences will be deposited in GenBank and microarray data will be accessible through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/geo/) and the PopGenIE database (http://www.popgenie.db.umu.se/popgenie/). Biological resources generated in this study will be publicly available upon request.

PI：Steven G. Ralph（北达科他州大学）Co-PI：Wenhao（大卫）Dai（北达科他州州立大学）; Matias Kirst（佛罗里达大学（UF））作为定居生物，植物不能避免或逃避生物（例如，食草昆虫和机会致病菌）和非生物（例如，干旱和极端温度）在当地环境中的压力。相反，植物进化出了各种各样的解剖结构和化学防御来保护自己。为了应对取食昆虫的攻击，植物部署了多种在分子水平上受到严格调控的防御机制。鉴定导致感兴趣性状变异的基因的最成功的方法之一是产生突变体，然后筛选这些突变体以改变感兴趣的性状。 在以往的研究中，几十个白杨（Populus spp.）被鉴定为抵抗食叶昆虫的取食。在本项目中，将鉴定至少10个这些抗虫品系中的修饰基因。这些基因在介导抗虫性中所起的作用将通过基因敲低和过表达研究在白杨中进行系统的研究。此外，突变体植物将进行彻底的表型表征，包括评估基因表达的总体变化和测量昆虫摄食性能和幼虫发育。预计这些研究将为增强对取食昆虫抗性的基因和途径提供新的见解。鉴定特定的抗虫基因将有助于未来培育改良的树木品种。这个项目将由来自三所大学的科学家、研究生和本科生组成的团队进行。学生将通过参与研究的各个方面接受基因组学，生物信息学和生物技术方面的强化培训。北达科他州大学将开发一个新的基因组学计算机实验室课程，该课程将向本科生和研究生介绍微阵列数据生物信息学分析的实践培训。这些宝贵的经验将为学生将来成为专业生物学家和教育工作者做好准备。该项目的长期目标是阐明多年生植物抗虫性的遗传机制，并将这些知识纳入现有的树木育种计划，以改善森林健康。该项目的结果和方案的详细描述可在http://www.und.edu/dept/biology/ralph/ralph.htm上查看。所有DNA序列将保存在GenBank中，微阵列数据将通过基因表达综合数据库（GEO; http：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/geo/）和PopGenIE数据库（http：//www.popgenie.db.umu.se/popgenie/）访问。本研究产生的生物资源将根据要求公开提供。