Homophily and Peer Influence in Developmental Processes that Support Learning

支持学习的发展过程中的同质性和同伴影响

• 批准号: 0923745
• 负责人: Brett Laursen
• 金额: $ 24.94万
• 依托单位: Florida Atlantic University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0923745&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Homophily; Peer; Influence; Developmental; Processes

Affiliates tend to be similar on key attributes. This phenomenon, known as homophily, is of particular interest during adolescence because of concerns that friends and romantic partners promote maladaptive behaviors and interfere with academic achievement at a time when youth are especially susceptible to peer influence. Such claims have been sharply criticized, however, for overstating peer socialization effects and ignoring the fact that youth tend to select peers who resemble themselves as friends and romantic partners. Progress reconciling these dissonant views has been slowed by the significant methodological challenges posed by the nonindependent data characteristic of participants in close relationships (i.e., mutual influence between partners that makes them more similar to one another than to random others but that also biases statistical analyses). As a result, scientific understanding of similarity between close peers is incomplete and there is almost no empirical evidence describing which individuals are most apt to change to increase their similarity with friends and romantic partners. The project utilizes archival data from two longitudinal projects: (a) the 10 to 18 Project, a 5-year community study of all students enrolled in the 4th through the 12th grade in a small city in central Sweden; and (b) Project STAR, a 5-year study of friend and romantic relationships in Denver youth ages 14 to 19. These studies contain complementary information about homophily that encompasses a variety of educational outcomes and factors known to constrain educational achievement. The project has two objectives: (a) specify selection and socialization effects in domains that reflect learning and in contexts that constrain learning, and (b) identify characteristics of youth who are susceptible to influence from friends and romantic partners. To meet these objectives, new analytic techniques that measure homophily will be devised and refined. Analytic strategies designed for nonindependent data will estimate selection and socialization over time, disentangling partner influence from individual stability. The project will have a profound impact on the scientific study of peer relationships and, more generally, on assumptions about the influence of peers over academic achievement and adjustment. In terms of impact on the scientific community, the dyadic data analytic techniques devised to assess homophily will set a new methodological standard for research on the topic, rendering obsolete past empirical practices and revising the conventional wisdom about peer influence over development. In terms of impact on adolescent learning and contexts that constrain it, the project will lay the groundwork for advances in education and public health. Current efforts to promote academic achievement and curb deviant peer influences assume a model in which relationship participants are mutually influential. School curricula, instructional activities, and peer interventions will be more effective if influence agents are distinguished from influence recipients, with programs specifically crafted for each.

附属机构往往是相似的关键属性。 这种现象被称为同性恋，在青春期特别有趣，因为人们担心朋友和浪漫的伴侣会促进适应不良的行为，并在青少年特别容易受到同伴影响的时候干扰学业成绩。 然而，这种说法受到了尖锐的批评，因为它夸大了同伴社会化的效果，忽视了年轻人倾向于选择与自己相似的同伴作为朋友和浪漫伴侣的事实。 由于关系密切的参与者的非独立数据特征（即，伴侣之间的相互影响使他们彼此之间比随机的其他人更相似，但这也会使统计分析产生偏差）。 因此，对亲密同伴之间相似性的科学理解是不完整的，几乎没有经验证据描述哪些人最容易改变以增加他们与朋友和浪漫伴侣的相似性。 该项目利用两个纵向项目的档案数据：（a）10至18项目，对瑞典中部一个小城市4至12年级的所有学生进行为期5年的社区研究;（B）项目星星，对丹佛14至19岁青年的朋友和浪漫关系进行为期5年的研究。 这些研究包含了关于同质性的补充信息，其中包括各种教育成果和已知限制教育成就的因素。 该项目有两个目标：（a）具体说明在反映学习的领域和限制学习的环境中的选择和社会化效果，（B）确定容易受到朋友和浪漫伴侣影响的青年的特点。 为了实现这些目标，将设计和改进测量同质性的新分析技术。 为非独立数据设计的分析策略将随着时间的推移估计选择和社会化，从个人稳定性中解脱出合作伙伴的影响。 该项目将对同侪关系的科学研究产生深远的影响，更普遍地说，对同侪对学术成就和调整的影响的假设产生深远的影响。 就对科学界的影响而言，为评估同质性而设计的二元数据分析技术将为这一专题的研究确立一个新的方法标准，使过去的经验做法过时，并修正关于同侪影响发展的传统观点。 就对青少年学习的影响和制约青少年学习的环境而言，该项目将为教育和公共卫生方面的进步奠定基础。 目前的努力，以促进学术成就和遏制越轨的同侪影响假设一个模型中，关系的参与者是相互影响的。 如果将影响力代理人与影响力接受者区分开来，并为每一个人制定专门的计划，那么学校课程、教学活动和同伴干预将更加有效。