Symphyseal Placsticity Properties and Performance in Primate and Non-Primate Mammals

灵长类和非灵长类哺乳动物的交感密封可塑性和性能

• 批准号: 0924592
• 负责人: Matthew Ravosa
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-10-01 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0924592&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Symphyseal; Placsticity; Properties; Performance; Primate

Bioanthropologists studying skeletal function typically infer behavior and performance from bony size and shape. This approximation has fostered a basic notion of how primate skeletons relate to their growth and lifestyles. However, estimating performance from skeletal shape becomes difficult when one examines structures that are oddly-shaped, differ in growth patterns, or vary in tissue composition. The primate mandibular symphysis is one such joint that defies simplistic modeling of its performance. Symphyseal anatomy ranges from the primitive mammalian condition of smooth, opposing right and left jaws loosely connected by fibrous tissue, fibrocartilage and some ligaments to a tightly bound joint with greater sutural complexity consisting of interlocking bony rugosities and numerous calcified ligaments to the more unique condition of an ossified joint seen in humans and various other primates. The behavioral and mechanical correlates of this remarkable variation are poorly understood. Indeed, failure to relate symphyseal form to joint integrity undermines our knowledge of the function and evolution of the feeding apparatus and behavioral reconstructions of fossil primates. The first objective is to quantify symphyseal strength during simulated loading regimes in primate and non-primate mammals. Measures of joint performance will be integrated with data on joint proportions, biomineralization and internal anatomy. The second goal is to examine the plasticity and properties of symphyseal tissues. To obtain variation in joint loads, cohorts of genetically similar rabbits will be raised on foods of different consistencies. By quantifying joint integrity within and across species, this experimental study links load-resisting properties and performance to joint shape, addresses major issues involving the symphysis, and serves as a model for future work on joint function. A broader impact of this study is its expansion of an ongoing multidisciplinary partnership between bioanthropologists and engineers. Its educational merit is that students and teachers, especially under-represented groups, will benefit via long-term apprenticeship, interdisciplinary training, and outreach. The benefit to society includes providing key basic data for future evolutionary and clinical projects on joint loading, tissue responses, and performance.

研究骨骼功能的生物人类学家通常从骨骼的大小和形状推断行为和表现。 这种近似性培养了一个基本的概念，即灵长类动物的骨骼与它们的生长和生活方式之间的关系。 然而，当一个人检查形状奇怪、生长模式不同或组织成分不同的结构时，从骨骼形状估计性能变得困难。 灵长类动物的下颌联合就是这样一个关节，它的表现无法用简单的模型来模拟。 联合解剖学的范围从原始哺乳动物状态的光滑，相对的右和左颌骨松散连接的纤维组织，纤维软骨和一些韧带，以紧密结合的关节与更大的缝合复杂性，包括联锁骨皱纹和许多钙化韧带，以更独特的条件，骨化关节在人类和其他各种灵长类动物中看到。 这种显著变化的行为和机械相关性知之甚少。 事实上，未能将联合形态与关节完整性联系起来，破坏了我们对化石灵长类动物摄食器官功能和进化以及行为重建的认识。 第一个目标是在灵长类和非灵长类哺乳动物的模拟负荷制度量化联合强度。 关节性能的测量将与关节比例、生物矿化和内部解剖学数据相结合。 第二个目标是检查联合组织的可塑性和性质。 为了获得关节负荷的变化，将用不同饲料喂养遗传相似的家兔队列。 通过量化关节的完整性内和跨物种，本实验研究链接的负荷抵抗性能和性能的关节形状，解决涉及联合的主要问题，并作为一个模型，为未来的工作联合功能。 这项研究的一个更广泛的影响是它扩大了生物人类学家和工程师之间正在进行的多学科伙伴关系。 它的教育价值是学生和教师，特别是代表性不足的群体，将通过长期学徒，跨学科培训和推广受益。 对社会的益处包括为未来的关节负荷、组织反应和性能的进化和临床项目提供关键的基础数据。