Repeat Disaster Impacts to Infrastructure Networks and their Effects on Economic Agent Recovery

重复灾害对基础设施网络的影响及其对经济主体恢复的影响

• 批准号: 0927356
• 负责人: Scott Miles
• 金额: $ 24.98万
• 依托单位: Western Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-10-01 至 2014-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0927356&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Repeat; Disaster; Impacts; Infrastructure; Networks

Research shows that infrastructure damage from repetitive hazard events and the ensuing reduced service has a strong, negative impact on business and household economic performance. Databases and methods exist related to infrastructure damage and loss. Little exists with respect to infrastructure restoration over time and the relationship to local economies. There is a critical need to develop and validate models of infrastructure and economic interdependency and recovery from disasters. This project will develop a database of infrastructure damage, service loss, and restoration in Western Washington, a region with high frequency moderate and large-scale flood events. Moreover, it will use this infrastructure damage database to develop a spatially explicit economic recovery model to quantify and validate linkages between infrastructure damage and economic loss and recovery. This work will build upon ResiliUS, a prototype computer model of loss and recovery of critical community services from disasters, developed by the project?s principal investigator. The database framework and computer model will be designed to be easily transferable to other parts of the United States. The goal of this project is to advance knowledge on several fronts: 1) a database framework for measuring, assessing, and monitoring infrastructure impacts on the economy, 2) a populated database of infrastructure service loss and restoration over time - to our knowledge the first multi-service, geographic and longitudinal baseline on infrastructure damage and service downtime linked to economic agent performance, 3) a modular community disaster loss and recovery model with geographic representation of infrastructure system components and economic agent location, 4) a prototype approach for visualizing large amounts of geographic data on service loss and recovery, and 5) model application in two Western Washington communities, aimed at validating and collaboratively assessing the model as a tool for enhancing the monitoring of infrastructure restoration and economic recovery and policy making to support community disaster resilience.The data collected as part of this project will provide valuable insight regarding policies and plans to reduce infrastructure service loss and the impacts of that loss on the economy. A secondary component of this project will be to investigate effective methods for communicating and visualizing both the data collected and outputs of the ResiliUS computer model to stakeholders, such as emergency managers, elected officials and urban planners. As such, the project will include a community collaborative model assessment conducted in two Western Washington counties. Undergraduate and graduate students will be exposed to the research process through research assistanceships, paid internships, volunteer data gathering opportunities, and in-class service learning projects. The results from this study will be disseminated through academic journals, academic conference presentations, and local emergency management and planning association meetings.

研究表明，反复发生的灾害事件造成的基础设施损坏以及随之而来的服务减少对企业和家庭的经济业绩产生了强烈的负面影响。存在与基础设施损坏和损失有关的数据库和方法。随着时间的推移，基础设施的恢复以及与当地经济的关系几乎没有。迫切需要制定和验证基础设施、经济相互依存和灾后恢复的模式。该项目将开发一个关于华盛顿西部基础设施损坏、服务损失和恢复的数据库，该地区是中、大型洪水事件发生频率较高的地区。此外，它还将利用这一基础设施损坏数据库开发一个空间上明确的经济恢复模型，以量化和验证基础设施损坏与经济损失和恢复之间的联系。这项工作将建立在ResiliUS，一个原型计算机模型的损失和恢复的关键社区服务的灾害，由该项目开发？的首席调查员。数据库框架和计算机模型将被设计为易于转移到美国其他地区。 该项目的目标是在几个方面推进知识：1）用于测量、评估和监测基础设施对经济的影响的数据库框架，2）基础设施服务损失和随时间恢复的填充数据库-据我们所知，关于与经济主体性能相关的基础设施损坏和服务停机时间的第一个多服务、地理和纵向基线，3）具有基础设施系统组件和经济代理位置的地理表示的模块化社区灾难损失和恢复模型，4）用于可视化关于服务损失和恢复的大量地理数据的原型方法，以及5）在两个西部华盛顿社区中的模型应用，旨在验证和协作评估该模型，以加强对基础设施恢复和经济恢复的监测，以及支持社区抗灾能力的政策制定。作为该项目一部分收集的数据将提供宝贵的见解关于减少基础设施服务损失的政策和计划以及这种损失对经济的影响。该项目的第二个组成部分将是调查有效的方法，将收集的数据和ResiliUS计算机模型的输出传达给利益相关者，如应急管理人员，民选官员和城市规划者。因此，该项目将包括在华盛顿西部两个县进行的社区协作模式评估。本科生和研究生将通过研究助理，带薪实习，志愿者数据收集机会和课堂服务学习项目接触研究过程。这项研究的结果将通过学术期刊、学术会议报告和地方应急管理和规划协会会议传播。