RAPID: Monographing the Antarctic and Subantarctic Cumacea

RAPID：南极和亚南极库马西亚专着

• 批准号: 2032029
• 负责人: Sarah Gerken
• 金额: $ 7.14万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Anchorage Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2032029&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Monographing; Antarctic; Subantarctic; Cumacea

Ocean communities play an important role in determining the natural and human impacts of global change. The most conspicuous members of those communities are generally large vertebrates such as marine mammals and sea birds. But smaller animals often determine how the changes impact those charismatic animals. In the Antarctic, where some of the most dramatic physical changes are taking place, we do not know much about what small animals exist. This project will sample the sub-Antarctic and three different Antarctic seas with a hope of identifying, quantifying and discovering the variation in species of a group of small invertebrates. Comma shrimp, also called cumaceans, are rarely seen elsewhere but may be common and important in the communities of these locations. Antarctic sampling traditionally used gear that was not very effective at catching cumaceans so we do not know what species exist there and how common they are. This study will utilize modern sampling methods that will allow comma shrimp to be sampled. This will lead to discoveries about the diversity and abundance of comma shrimp, as well as their relationship to other invertebrate species. Major impacts of this work will be an enhancement of museum collections, the development of description of all the comma shrimp of Antarctica including new and unnamed species. Those contributions may be especially important as we strive to understand what drives the dynamics of charismatic vertebrates and fisheries that are tied to Antarctic food webs. This project will collect cumaceans from benthic samples from Argentinian waters, Bransfield Strait, and the Weddell Sea using benthic sleds. Specimens will be fixed in 95% ethanol and preserved in 95% ethanol and 5% glycerin to preserve both morphology and DNA. The specimens will form the basis for a monograph synthesizing current knowledge on the Subantarctic and Antarctic Cumacea, including diagnoses of all species, descriptions of new species, additional description for currently unknown life stages of known species, and vouchered gene sequences for all species collected. The monograph will include keys to all families, genera and species known from the region. Monographic revisions that include identification resources are typically useful for decades to a broad spectrum of other scientists.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋群落在确定全球变化对自然和人类的影响方面发挥着重要作用。这些群落中最显著的成员一般是大型脊椎动物，如海洋哺乳动物和海鸟。但较小的动物往往决定了这些变化如何影响那些魅力动物。在南极，一些最引人注目的物理变化正在发生，我们不知道什么小动物存在。该项目将对亚南极和三个不同的南极海洋进行采样，希望识别、量化和发现一组小型无脊椎动物的物种变异。逗号虾，也被称为cumaceans，很少看到其他地方，但可能是常见的和重要的社区，这些地点。南极采样传统上使用的渔具在捕捉库马类动物方面不是很有效，所以我们不知道那里存在什么物种以及它们有多常见。这项研究将利用现代采样方法，将允许逗号虾采样。这将导致发现逗号虾的多样性和丰富性，以及它们与其他无脊椎动物物种的关系。这项工作的主要影响将是加强博物馆收藏，发展对南极洲所有逗号虾的描述，包括新的和未命名的物种。在我们努力了解是什么驱动着与南极食物网有关的魅力型脊椎动物和渔业的动态时，这些贡献可能特别重要。该项目将使用底栖雪橇从阿根廷沃茨、布兰斯菲尔德海峡和威德尔海的底栖样品中收集库马类动物。标本将在95%乙醇中固定，并在95%乙醇和5%甘油中保存，以保存形态和DNA。这些标本将构成一本综合目前关于亚南极和南极丘虫科知识的专著的基础，包括对所有物种的诊断，对新物种的描述，对已知物种目前未知的生命阶段的补充描述，以及对收集到的所有物种的基因序列的确认。该专著将包括该地区已知的所有科、属和种的检索表。包括鉴定资源在内的专题修订通常对其他科学家有用数十年。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。