Arabidopsis 2010: 1,001 Genomes Project

植物生物学家需要在每个物种中获得许多完全测序和功能注释的基因组，以便充分利用进化的力量来了解生物体如何发挥作用并适应其环境。对拟南芥自然变异感兴趣的研究人员提出从1000多个近交系中产生基因组DNA序列，推动DNA测序本身的硬件和软件开发的技术发展，以理解DNA序列数据。本研究项目的目标是记录参考植物拟南芥的许多株系的整个基因组中的遗传变异。我们将使用参考植物A开发和应用最先进的DNA测序方法。thaliana，以解决有关植物进化和基因功能的根本重要性问题。作为该项目的结果，产生的200个加入的完整基因组序列，将提供拟南芥单倍型结构的第一个完整视图，并将允许未来的表观遗传变异的研究在一个种群或一个物种内的不同个体之间，表型多样性的潜在来源。序列和结构变异的模式将揭示基因组变化动态的重要见解，并查明遗传和表观遗传变异的潜在功能重要来源。此外，这些数据将使后续的机制研究，通过实验操作的拟南芥菌株。1001拟南芥基因组计划（http：1001genomes.org）将提供野生菌株的详细基因分型数据，这将补充个体研究者的努力，以针对数千个感兴趣的性状对这些相同的种质进行表型。例如，这项研究有可能快速推进植物适应各种气候、利用土壤养分和抵抗病原体感染的机制。从1,001拟南芥基因组计划产生的知识库将产生直接和可衡量的结果，部署在经济上重要的作物相似的性状，不断变化的全球环境。首先，计划研究的完成将为植物生物学界带来重要的新资源：密切相关基因型之间遗传变异的大规模信息。全基因组序列变异信息的非常有限的可用性已经对各种研究努力产生了负面影响，例如对适应性进化的理解或关联映射的发展。所有的DNA序列数据都将免费提供给研究界。这些使能工具和技术对农业和林业的长期影响预计将是深远的，为构建具有上级农艺性状的新植物品种提供基础知识。该计划的一个同样重要的方面是培训，这将在各个层次提供，包括推广到高中和本科生以及博士后辅导。

Plant biologists need many completely sequenced and functionally annotated genomes within each species in order to fully exploit the power of evolution to understand how an organism functions and adapts to its environment. Researchers interested in natural variation in Arabidopsis propose to generate genomic DNA sequences from over 1000 inbred strains, driving technology developments in both hardware for the DNA sequencing itself and in software development to make sense of the DNA sequence data. The goal of this research project is to record the genetic variation in the entire genome of many strains of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We will develop and apply cutting edge DNA sequencing approaches using the reference plant A. thaliana to address questions of fundamental importance about plant evolution and gene function. The complete genome sequences for 200 accessions, produced as a result of this project, will provide the first complete view of haplotype structure for Arabidopsis thaliana and will allow future studies of epigenetic variation among different individuals in a population or within a species, a potential source of phenotypic diversity. The patterns of sequence and structural variation will reveal important insights into the dynamics of genome change and pinpoint potentially functionally important sources of genetic and epigenetic variation. Moreover, these data will enable subsequent mechanistic studies through experimental manipulation of Arabidopsis strains. The 1001 Arabidopsis Genomes Project (http://1001genomes.org) will provide detailed genotyping data of wild strains that will complement the efforts of individual investigators to phenotype these same accessions for thousands of traits of interest. For example, this research has the potential for rapid advancement toward the mechanisms by which plants adapt to various climates, utilize soil nutrients and resist pathogen infection. The knowledgebase produced from the 1,001 Arabidopsis Genomes Project will yield direct and measurable outcomes for deployment of similar traits in economically important crops for a changing global environment.Broader Impacts of the Proposed ResearchThe impact of this project will be in two broad areas. First, the completion of the planned research will result in important new resources for the plant biology community: large-scale information on genetic variation among closely related genotypes. The very limited availability of whole genome sequence variation information has negatively impacted a variety of research endeavors such as the understanding of adaptive evolution or the development of association mapping. All of the DNA sequence data will be made freely and easily accessible to the research community. The long-term impact of these enabling tools and technologies on agriculture and forestry is expected to be profound, providing fundamental knowledge for the construction of new plant varieties with superior agronomic traits. An equally important aspect of this program is training, which will be provided at a variety of levels, including outreach to high school and undergraduate students as well as postdoctoral mentoring.