Addressing Ethics in the Natural Course of Research: A Joint Research Course for Philosophy of Science, Engineering, and Science Graduate Students

这个结合研究和教育的项目-由NSF的科学和工程伦理教育项目支持-开发了一门研究生课程，供科学，工程和科学哲学研究生从事联合研究并解决研究中自然出现的伦理问题。通过几次重复，然后进行评估和评价，全学分，学期长的课程将被磨练，使其可以作为一个模型，适用于许多设置和格式。随着复杂的，多学科的研究项目激增，观察家认识到，科学哲学家，科学家和工程师未能直接参与其他两个领域是一个缺陷。科学从根本上说是社会性的，实验、理解、知识产品和过程都是由特定社区建立的意义、规则和价值观促成的，这些意义、规则和价值观使其成员之间的合作成为可能并取得成功。科学界内部动态中的许多因素在与其他界的成员合作时就成了问题。语言差异本身--撇开其他重要差异不谈--可能会导致误解，并导致另一个学科中可能对合作项目有价值的工作过快被解雇。对科学的详细研究显示了跨学科和多学科合作的价值。但成功的故事往往是偶然的，违背了每个社区成员的文化适应和社区自身的价值观。由于新兴技术创造了新的机会，也带来了新的危险，许多人承认，在这些新领域，关注道德和社会责任至关重要。作为回应，拟议的课程让研究生接触到科学，工程和科学哲学的观点，使每个人的社会和规范方面成为他们对各自学科和研究机会的理解的重要和有价值的部分。

This combined research and education project--supported by the Ethics Education in Science and Engineering program at NSF--develops a graduate course, for science, engineering and philosophy of science graduate students to engage in joint research and address ethical issues as they naturally arise in research. Through several repetitions followed by assessment and evaluation, the full credit, semester long course will be honed so that it can serve as a model adaptable in many settings and formats.As complex, multi-disciplinary research projects proliferate, observers recognize that the failure of philosophers of science, scientists, and engineers to engage directly with the other two areas is a deficiency. Science is radically social, and experimentation, understanding, knowledge products, and process are enabled by meanings, rules and values that are established by specific communities to make cooperation among its members possible and successful. Many of these elements in the internal dynamics of a scientific community become problematic when placed in a situation of cooperation with members of other communities. Language differences alone -- setting aside other significant differences -- can bring about misunderstanding and too quick dismissal of work in another discipline that might be valuable for collaborative projects. The detailed study of science has shown the value of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary cooperation. But the success stories are often accidental, against the grain of the enculturation of the members of each community and the community's own values. As emerging technologies create new opportunities and bring forth new hazards, many acknowledge that attention to ethics and social responsibility is essential in these new areas. To respond, the proposed course exposes graduate students to a view of science, engineering, and philosophy of science that makes the social and normative aspects of each an essential and valuable part of their understanding of their respective disciplines and research opportunities.