Federal Stimulus Funding for Research: An Assessment of Employment Responses

联邦研究刺激资金：就业反应评估

• 批准号: 0938446
• 负责人: Sarah Turner
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-15 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0938446&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Federal; Stimulus; Funding; Research; Assessment

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009) includes substantial direct and indirect support for research in a number of scientific and social science fields through NSF, NIH, the Department of Energy, the Department of Education, and other federal agencies. The magnitude of this stimulus and the planned rapid infusion of resources into the academic-based scientific enterprise provide a unique opportunity to understand how the production of science research and the associated employment of scientists respond to large changes in funding. Stimulus funding may have a substantial impact on university hiring and staffing, though the magnitude of these impacts will depend on the underlying elasticity of supply in the labor market for high-skilled workers in science and engineering (S&E). To the extent that the international supply of doctorate-level workers in science and engineering is much greater than the domestic supply, a substantial share of the increase in S&E employment in response to the stimulus may come from foreign PhDs. Collection of data on stimulus-related funding allocations in the coming two-year period is critical to record and assess the impact of research funding on employment outcomes in science and engineering labor markets. This works tracks the projected employment changes as recorded in grant budgets as well as realized changes in employment, salary levels and enrollment available through institution-level data. As the pool of non-citizen PhDs may be an important source of temporary employment for university research projects, the project records the issuance of new H1-B visas by year at the level of the university and broad field. Further, as research funding in science and engineering fields often includes graduate student support, the interaction between graduate enrollment and the distribution of stimulus funding is measured and modelled. The empirical analysis of this project examines how a sudden and substantial increase in research funding affects employment, compensation and graduate enrollment in academic S&E research sectors. BROADER IMPACTSWhile it is often argued that the social return to federal R&D expenditures is quite high, empirical evaluations of how changes in funding of university research affect graduate attainment, the employment of scientists, and research output are rare. This research plan offers direct evidence on the link between research funding and labor market outcomes in science and engineering fields; in addition, this approach provides a window to study the link between research funding and other dimensions of university production including graduate education. Measuring these parameters in the setting of the increasingly globally integrated scientific and engineering labor markets of the 21st century will inform policy decisions on science funding and employment, framing the understanding of the distributional impacts of government funding of university-based research.

《美国复苏和再投资法案》（2009年）包括通过NSF、NIH、能源部、教育部和其他联邦机构对一些科学和社会科学领域的研究提供大量直接和间接支持。这种刺激的规模和计划中的向以学术为基础的科学企业迅速注入资源提供了一个独特的机会，以了解科学研究的生产和相关的科学家就业如何应对资金的巨大变化。刺激资金可能会对大学的招聘和人员配置产生重大影响，但这些影响的程度将取决于劳动力市场对科学和工程领域高技能工人的潜在供应弹性。在某种程度上，科学和工程领域博士水平工作者的国际供应远远大于国内供应，刺激措施带来的科技就业增长的很大一部分可能来自外国博士。收集未来两年与刺激相关的资金分配数据对于记录和评估研究资金对科学和工程劳动力市场就业结果的影响至关重要。 这项工作跟踪赠款预算中记录的预计就业变化以及通过机构一级数据提供的就业、工资水平和入学率的实际变化。 由于非公民博士人才库可能是大学研究项目临时就业的重要来源，该项目记录了每年在大学和广泛领域发放新的H1-B签证的情况。 此外，在科学和工程领域的研究经费往往包括研究生的支持，研究生招生和刺激资金的分配之间的相互作用进行测量和建模。 本研究的实证分析考察了科研经费的突然大幅增加如何影响学术性科技研究部门的就业、薪酬和研究生入学率。 更广泛的影响虽然人们经常认为，社会回报联邦研发支出是相当高的，经验评估如何在大学研究经费的变化影响研究生的成绩，科学家的就业和研究成果是罕见的。 该研究计划提供了科学和工程领域的研究资金和劳动力市场成果之间的联系的直接证据;此外，这种方法提供了一个窗口，研究研究资金和大学生产的其他方面，包括研究生教育之间的联系。 在21世纪日益全球一体化的科学和工程劳动力市场的背景下测量这些参数，将为科学资助和就业的政策决策提供信息，从而理解政府资助大学研究的分配影响。