Postdoctoral Researchers: The Impact of Labor Regulations and Visa Policy

博士后研究人员：劳动法规和签证政策的影响

• 批准号: 1735786
• 负责人: Sarah Turner
• 金额: $ 46.43万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1735786&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Postdoctoral; Researchers; Impact; Labor; Regulations

Doctoral students and post-doctoral appointments are critical inputs to research and develop scientific expertise. The combination of labor supply and research demand has fueled the increasing prevalence of post-doctoral appointments at U.S. colleges and universities, with numbers rising from 18,399 in 1980 to 63,593 in 2014. Even as job opportunities for faculty and permanent employment in university science have stagnated, the number of post-doc appointments has continued to grow, particularly in the life sciences and biomedical fields. Concerns about basic employment protections and the long-term health of the scientific talent pool stem from modest earnings for long hours and uncertain long-term job prospects. Because the pipeline of new scientific discoveries and innovation depends on the flow and persistence of talent in the scientific workforce, this research informs questions and policy critical to the progress of science and economic prosperity. This research examines how labor market regulations and immigration policies affect the scientific labor market in terms of what universities must pay research personnel, the costs of graduate education, and the flow of doctorate students and doctorate recipients from abroad. This research focuses on three types of policies affecting university scientific personnel: visa requirements and terms for student (F- 1), exchange visitor (J-1), and high-skill specialty workers (H-1B); tuition charges and other required expenses for doctorate students, and; labor rules including the proposed change in the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) minimum salary threshold for exclusion from overtime requirements. This project builds a database from administrative salary data from public universities and Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) releases from United States Citizenship and Immigration Services and Department of Homeland Security which include doctorate level individuals with F-1, J-1, and H-1B visa status. Econometric analysis will be used to identify the demand for scientific personnel, including effects on earnings and the distribution of employment.

博士生和博士后任命是研究和发展科学专长的关键投入。劳动力供应和研究需求的结合推动了美国高校博士后任命的日益普遍，从1980年的18,399人增加到2014年的63,593人。尽管大学理科教师的就业机会和永久就业机会停滞不前，但博士后职位的数量仍在继续增长，特别是在生命科学和生物医学领域。对基本就业保护和科学人才库长期健康的担忧源于长时间收入不高和长期就业前景不确定。由于新科学发现和创新的管道依赖于科学劳动力中人才的流动和持久性，因此这项研究提供了对科学进步和经济繁荣至关重要的问题和政策。这项研究考察了劳动力市场法规和移民政策在大学必须支付给研究人员的薪酬、研究生教育成本以及博士学生和博士学位获得者从国外流动方面如何影响科学劳动力市场。这项研究集中于影响大学科技人员的三类政策：学生(F-1)、互访学生(J-1)和高技能专业工作者(H-1B)的签证要求和条款；博士生的学费和其他所需费用；以及劳动规则，包括公平劳动标准法案(FLSA)中排除加班要求的最低工资门槛的拟议变化。该项目根据公立大学的行政薪资数据和美国公民及移民服务局和国土安全部发布的《信息自由法》(FOIA)建立了一个数据库，其中包括拥有F-1、J-1和H-1B签证身份的博士级别个人。将使用计量经济分析来确定对科学人员的需求，包括对收入和就业分布的影响。

项目成果

Public Universities: The Supply Side of Building a Skilled Workforce

公立大学：培养熟练劳动力的供给方

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: RSF
• 作者: John Bound, Breno Braga