COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Understanding trends and biogeochemical controls of Southern Ocean air-sea CO2 fluxes from ocean and atmospheric measurements in the Drake Passage

摘要南极绕极流是地球上最强的风驱动洋流，其输送量估计在95 - 184 × 10^6 m3 -1之间。[相比之下，地球上整个河流的流量估计为~ 1^6 m3 -1]。它环绕着南极大陆，以德雷克海峡的形式形成了一个天然的“咽喉”。该项目是长期监测时间序列工作的更新，测量了R/V-IB LM Gould上横跨德雷克海峡的几个年度样带中正在进行的表面二氧化碳分压（pCO2）。在过去的8年中，在所有100多个样带中已经积累了二氧化碳分压，以及研究碳系统的其他相关参数的离散样本，如总二氧化碳（TCO2）值，表面二氧化碳分压的同位素（13C/12C和14C/12C）比率。此外，将继续测量氧气、营养物质和其他物理水文，这些测量可能是由沿巡航轨道发射的xbt和xctd所确定的。该测量集为描述德雷克海道CO2和生物地球化学营养物质的季节周期、比较南大洋碳酸盐体系的时间趋势和年际变化提供了机会，并进一步了解与南大洋空气-海洋CO2通量的生物地球化学控制相关的区域和半球大气-海洋交换。该项目还将考虑与更严格的大气二氧化碳测定同时测量大气氧气，以便更好地将地表二氧化碳分压测定与大气记录结合起来。

AbstractThe Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the strongest wind-driven ocean current on the planet with transports estimated to between 95 - 184 x 10^6 m3s-1. [For comparison the Earth's entire river flow is estimated to be ~ 1^6 m3s-1] . Encircling the Antarctic continent, it has a natural 'chokepoint' in the form of the Drake Passage. This project is a renewal of a long term monitoring time series effort measuring the underway surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in several annual transects across the Drake Passage on the R/V-IB LM Gould. In all some 100 plus transects over the past 8 years have now been accumulated of pCO2, along with discrete samples of other parameters of interest to studying the carbon system such as total CO2 (TCO2) values, isotopic (13C/12C and 14C/12C) ratios in surface TCO2. Additionally, measurements of oxygen, nutrients and such physical hydrography as may be determined from ship launched XBTs and XCTDs along the cruise tracks will be continued. The measurement set provides an opportunity to describe seasonal cycles on CO2 and biogeochemical nutrients in the Drake Passage, to compare temporal trends and inter-annual variability in the carbonate system for an important part of the Southern Ocean, and to further understand regional and hemispheric atmospheric-ocean exchanges associated with the biogeochemical controls on Southern Ocean air-sea CO2 fluxes.The project will also consider collocated measurement of atmospheric oxygen along with a more rigorous determination of atmospheric CO2 to better anchor the surface pCO2 determinations with the atmospheric record.