COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Understanding trends and biogeochemical controls of Southern Ocean air-sea CO2 fluxes from ocean and atmospheric measurements in the Drake Passage

摘要南极绕极流是地球上最强的风驱动洋流，其输送量估计在95 - 184 x 10^6 m3 s-1之间。 [For相比之下，地球上的整个河流流量估计为~ 1^6 m3 s-1]。环绕南极大陆，它有一个天然的“咽喉”，即德雷克海峡。该项目是一个长期的监测时间序列的努力，测量正在进行的表面二氧化碳分压（pCO 2）在几个年度断面横跨德雷克海峡的R/V-IB LM古尔德的更新。在过去8年中，所有约100多个样带中的pCO 2，沿着其他与研究碳系统有关的参数的离散样本，如总CO 2（TCO 2）值，表面TCO 2中的同位素（13 C/12 C和14 C/12 C）比。此外，还将继续测量氧气、营养物和物理水文地理，这可能是通过沿着巡航轨道发射的XBT和XCTD确定的。 测量集提供了一个机会，可以描述德雷克海峡二氧化碳和海洋地球化学营养物的季节性循环，比较南大洋重要部分碳酸盐系统的时间趋势和年际变化，并进一步了解与南大洋大气的地球化学控制有关的区域和半球大气-海洋交换，该项目还将考虑对大气氧气进行沿着测量，同时更严格地测定大气CO2，以便更好地将地表pCO 2测定结果与大气记录锚在一起。

AbstractThe Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the strongest wind-driven ocean current on the planet with transports estimated to between 95 - 184 x 10^6 m3s-1. [For comparison the Earth's entire river flow is estimated to be ~ 1^6 m3s-1] . Encircling the Antarctic continent, it has a natural 'chokepoint' in the form of the Drake Passage. This project is a renewal of a long term monitoring time series effort measuring the underway surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in several annual transects across the Drake Passage on the R/V-IB LM Gould. In all some 100 plus transects over the past 8 years have now been accumulated of pCO2, along with discrete samples of other parameters of interest to studying the carbon system such as total CO2 (TCO2) values, isotopic (13C/12C and 14C/12C) ratios in surface TCO2. Additionally, measurements of oxygen, nutrients and such physical hydrography as may be determined from ship launched XBTs and XCTDs along the cruise tracks will be continued. The measurement set provides an opportunity to describe seasonal cycles on CO2 and biogeochemical nutrients in the Drake Passage, to compare temporal trends and inter-annual variability in the carbonate system for an important part of the Southern Ocean, and to further understand regional and hemispheric atmospheric-ocean exchanges associated with the biogeochemical controls on Southern Ocean air-sea CO2 fluxes.The project will also consider collocated measurement of atmospheric oxygen along with a more rigorous determination of atmospheric CO2 to better anchor the surface pCO2 determinations with the atmospheric record.