The Broad Spectrum Revolution and Upper Paleolithic Rabbit Hunting on the Iberian Peninsula

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，艾米丽·琼斯博士将分析伊比利亚半岛三个旧石器时代遗址的动物遗骸：安布罗西奥、埃斯特班维拉和涅尔贾。该项目将包括前往西班牙与西班牙同事一起收集这些藏品，并随后在犹他州立大学进行统计分析。这些组合令人感兴趣，因为它们表明饮食从以少数大型高回报动物（如驯鹿）为基础转向含有“广泛”资源的动物，包括许多小型低回报动物（如兔子）。为什么在这种环境下饮食会扩大？也许由于气候变化或人类过度捕猎，大型哺乳动物的数量越来越少，所以较小的猎物不得不加入到饮食中。然而，改变狩猎策略也会导致觅食者饮食中小型猎物的增加。例如，在法国西南部，这种转变似乎既不是气候驱动的环境变化的直接结果，也不是人类对大型脊椎动物的影响的结果，而是至少部分由气候驱动的欧洲兔子迁徙造成的。通过在西班牙旧石器时代晚期遗址对欧洲兔的沃伦狩猎进行测试，本文提出的研究将促进我们对伊比利亚半岛旧石器时代兔子狩猎的原因和背景的理解，更广泛地说，我们对欧洲西南部广谱革命的理解。该提案的广泛影响集中在三个方面。首先，拟议的研究将促进国际合作；作为该项目的一部分，几所西班牙大学和犹他州立大学之间将建立联系。此外，该项目还将让犹他州立大学布里格姆分校的美国本科生参与数据分析。USU-Brigham City主要为非传统学生提供服务，包括西北肖肖尼族和当地西班牙裔社区的成员；因此，一些传统上在科学领域代表性不足的群体将有机会参与科学分析和发现。然而，最关键的“更广泛的影响”在于拟议的研究是否适用于根据环境变化对人类决策进行更广泛的讨论。关于人类适应气候变化的考古数据日益被认为是为环境政策提供信息的关键；例如，琼斯博士进行的相关研究已被列入哥本哈根气候变化大会。这个项目将有助于这一对话。

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Emily Jones will analyze faunal remains from three Paleolithic sites on the Iberian Peninsula: Ambrosio, Estebanvela, and Nerja. This project will include travel to Spain to work with the collections and with Spanish colleagues, and subsequent statistical analysis at Utah State University.These assemblages are of interest because they indicate a shift from diets based on a few, large, higher-return animals (such as reindeer) to those containing a "broad spectrum" of resources, including many smaller, lower-return items (such as rabbits). Why did diets broaden in this set of environmental circumstances? Perhaps there were fewer large mammals available, either because of climate change or human overhunting, so that smaller prey had to be added to the diets. However, changing hunting strategies can also result in an increase in small prey in a forager's diet. In southwestern France, for instance, this transition seems to have been neither a direct result of climate-driven environmental change nor a result of human impact on larger vertebrates, but rather, caused at least in part by the climate-driven migration of the European rabbit. By testing for warren-based hunting of the European Rabbit in Upper Paleolithic sites in Spain, the research proposed here will advance our understanding of the causes and contexts of Paleolithic rabbit hunting on the Iberian Peninsula, and, more broadly, our understanding of the Broad Spectrum Revolution in southwestern Europe.The broader impacts of this proposal center on three areas. First, the proposed research will foster international collaboration; as part of the project, ties will be established between several Spanish universities and Utah State University. In addition, the project will involve American undergraduate students at the Utah State University - Brigham City campus in the analysis of data. USU-Brigham City primarily serves non-traditional students, including members of the Northwest Band of Shoshone and of the local Hispanic community; thus a number of populations traditionally underrepresented in science will have the opportunity to participate in scientific analysis and discovery. The most critical "broader impact," however, resides in the proposed research's applicability to larger discussions of human decision-making in light of environmental change. Archaeological data on human adaptation to climate change is increasingly recognized as essential in informing environmental policy; related research conducted by the Dr. Jones has been included, for instance, in the Climate Change Congress in Copenhagen. This project will contribute to this dialogue.