CAREER: Electron Quantum Kinetics in Metallic Nanostructures

职业：金属纳米结构中的电子量子动力学

• 批准号: 0955500
• 负责人: Maxim Vavilov
• 金额: $ 42.5万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0955500&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Electron; Quantum; Kinetics; Metallic

TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis CAREER award supports theoretical research and education focused on the response of electrons in nanoscale structures to external fields, such as electric fields. These systems are out of thermodynamic equilibrium and the propagation of electrons is very sensitive to external fields. The PI will pursue a theoretical description based on the quantum kinetic equation combined with diagrammatic and semiclassical methods and focus on the electronic properties of metallic nanoparticles and nanowires, and lateral electron quantum dots which are governed by a complicated interplay between quantum electron propagation and interaction-induced relaxations. The PI will analyze the role of Coulomb, magnetic, and superconducting pairing interactions between electrons in determining transport and thermodynamic properties of nanoscale conductors. Of particular interest are the instabilities due to magnetic and superconducting interactions. In equilibrium bulk systems these instabilities are known to result in phase transitions. The PI will look for manifestations of these instabilities in out-of-equilibrium nanoscale systems and their effects on non-linear transport and noise characteristics of these systems. The PI will also investigate transport in conventional superconductors with a subsystem of interacting magnetic impurities.High mobility two-dimensional electron systems, existing in semiconductor heterostructures, also show a wide variety of non-linear phenomena in moderate magnetic fields, such as microwave-induced magnetooscillations and oscillatory differential dc resistance. The results of experimental studies of high mobility two dimensional electron gases have been puzzling and further investigation is needed, including an analysis of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions. Two-dimensional systems with more complicated band structure will be investigated as well.The education component involves developing a special lecture course and a research opportunity for students aimed at enabling them to learn modern theoretical methods and to work independently on cutting edge research projects following their graduation. It also includes an outreach component that will aim to explain the modern challenges of condensed matter physics arising on nanometer length-scales to high school students and members of the local community. The PI will proactively engage members of underrepresented groups in research and learning.The PI will also actively participate in existing local outreach programs aimed at enhancing public awareness of progress, promises and benefits to society of materials sciences and nanotechnology.NONTECHNICAL SUMMARYThis CAREER award supports theoretical research and education focused on metallic structures of atoms and molecules that have dimensions on the scale of nanometers. For reference, a human hair is about a hundred thousand times larger. The electrons contained in these tiny nanostructures require a quantum mechanical description that includes their wave-like properties. This research project is focused on how the electrons in nanostructures respond to external fields, like an electric field that one might associate with conventional electric power source. Recent experiments have shown that interesting new phenomena can arise. A focus of this research is the discovery of new phenomena as well as contributing to the understanding of experiments on wire-like nanostructures and nanostructures that are little more than one or an assembly of dots. Some macroscopic materials become magnets or may display other electronic states of matter. These arise as a consequence of interactions among electrons. The PI is particularly interested in discovering analogs of these states that arise in nanostructures where the electrons are exposed to fields. This is fundamental research that contributes to the discovery of new phenomena and new states of matter on the nanoscale which can lead to new electronic device technologies in the quest to sustain increasing performance and decreasing size of electronic devices that have characterized the rise of modern computers.The education component involves developing a special lecture course and a research opportunity for students aimed at enabling them to learn modern theoretical methods and to work independently on cutting edge research projects following their graduation. It also includes an outreach component that will aim to explain the modern challenges of condensed matter physics arising on nanometer length-scales to high school students and members of the local community. The PI will proactively engage members of underrepresented groups in research and learning.The PI will also actively participate in existing local outreach programs aimed at enhancing public awareness of progress, promises and benefits to society of materials sciences and nanotechnology.

该职业奖支持理论研究和教育，重点是纳米结构中的电子对外部场（如电场）的响应。这些系统处于热力学平衡之外，电子的传播对外场非常敏感。PI将追求基于量子动力学方程结合图解和半经典方法的理论描述，并专注于金属纳米颗粒和纳米线的电子特性，以及由量子电子传播和相互作用引起的弛豫之间复杂的相互作用控制的横向电子量子点。PI将分析电子之间的库仑，磁性和超导配对相互作用在确定纳米导体的传输和热力学性质中的作用。特别感兴趣的是由于磁和超导相互作用的不稳定性。在平衡体系统中，这些不稳定性已知会导致相变。PI将寻找这些不稳定性在非平衡纳米级系统中的表现，以及它们对这些系统的非线性传输和噪声特性的影响。PI还将研究传统超导体中的相互作用磁性杂质子系统的输运。存在于半导体异质结构中的高迁移率二维电子系统在中等磁场中也表现出各种各样的非线性现象，如微波诱导的磁振荡和振荡微分直流电阻。高迁移率二维电子气的实验研究结果一直令人困惑，需要进一步的研究，包括电子-电子和电子-声子相互作用的分析。教育部分包括为学生开设特别讲座课程和研究机会，旨在使他们能够学习现代理论方法，并在毕业后独立从事前沿研究项目。它还包括一个外联部分，旨在向高中学生和当地社区成员解释纳米尺度上凝聚态物理学的现代挑战。PI将积极吸引代表性不足的群体成员参与研究和学习。PI还将积极参与现有的当地外展计划，旨在提高公众对材料科学和纳米技术的进步、承诺和社会效益的认识。非技术总结该职业奖支持理论研究和教育，重点关注纳米尺度原子和分子的金属结构。作为参考，人类的头发大约大十万倍。包含在这些微小纳米结构中的电子需要量子力学描述，包括它们的波状特性。该研究项目的重点是纳米结构中的电子如何响应外部场，例如可能与传统电源相关的电场。最近的实验表明，有趣的新现象可能会出现。这项研究的一个重点是发现新的现象，以及有助于理解线状纳米结构和纳米结构的实验，这些纳米结构只不过是一个或一个点的集合。一些宏观材料会变成磁铁，或者显示出物质的其他电子状态。这些是电子之间相互作用的结果。PI特别感兴趣的是发现这些状态的类似物，这些状态出现在电子暴露于电场的纳米结构中。这是一项基础研究，有助于发现纳米尺度上的新现象和新物质状态，从而产生新的电子设备技术，以维持电子设备不断提高的性能和不断缩小的尺寸，这是现代计算机崛起的特征。教育部分包括为学生开发特别讲座课程和研究机会，旨在使他们能够学习现代知识理论方法，并在毕业后独立从事前沿研究项目。它还包括一个外联部分，旨在向高中学生和当地社区成员解释纳米尺度上凝聚态物理学的现代挑战。PI将积极参与研究和学习的代表性不足的群体的成员。PI还将积极参与现有的地方推广计划，旨在提高公众对材料科学和纳米技术的进步，承诺和利益的认识。