CAREER: Emergent reactive properties of far-from-equilibrium electrochemical systems

在这个职业奖，由化学系的化学结构，动力学和机制计划资助的圣刘易斯大学教授Istvan Kiss，将研究自组织的影响，如振荡和图案形成，对复杂电化学系统的反应特性。具有实际重要性的电流产生化学反应（例如，在电池和燃料电池中）通常远离它们的热力学平衡状态。这样的系统能够表现出化学浓度的大的时间和空间变化，这又可以显著地改变系统的反应性质。Kiss教授和他的学生将探索阴极-阳极相互作用，空间组织的反应电化学介质的动力学特征，以及生物电催化反应的复杂动力学响应。这将是一个多学科的，方法论的方法，其中非线性科学的数学和实验工具包与芯片上电极制造，微流体和bioelectrocatalyis的最新技术发展相结合。 远离平衡态系统的基本组织原理的识别和实验表征在物理、化学和生物系统中有着广泛的应用。耦合阴极-阳极多电极流动电池的研究填补了电化学系统复杂行为的现有知识与原电池和电解电池的工业应用的建模需求之间的差距。振荡电化学介质允许测试最近的理论同步和网络动力学，具有重要性的昼夜节律和超同步神经放电癫痫发作的产生。生物电催化系统的紧急反应特性的表征在清洁技术中具有更广泛的影响：空间和时间酶活性的特征影响生物电极的功率曲线。在这种情况下，Kiss教授将开发和演示一系列关于自组织系统的实验。这些实验（例如，混乱腐蚀）将展示如何连接不同学科的概念来解释突发现象。他们将被用来作为一个外展工具，传达多学科科学的重要性，分发非线性科学的最新理论和概念，以当前和未来的生物学家，化学家和物理学家，并教育公众关于复杂的出现，“智能”的非生物系统的行为。

In this CAREER award, funded by the Chemical Structure, Dynamics and Mechanisms Program of the Chemistry Division Professor Istvan Kiss of Saint Louis University, will study the effects of self-organization, such as oscillations and pattern formation, on the reactive properties of complex electrochemical systems. Current-generating chemical reactions of practical importance (e.g., in batteries and fuel cells) are often far from their thermodynamic equilibrium state. Such systems are capable of exhibiting large temporal and spatial variations of chemical concentrations, which, in turn, can significantly alter reactive properties of the system. Professor Kiss and his students will explore cathode-anode interactions, dynamical features of spatially organized reactive electrochemical media, and complex kinetic responses of bioelectrocatalytic reactions. This will be accomplished with a multidisciplinary, methodological approach in which the mathematical and experimental toolkits of nonlinear science are combined with recent technical developments of on-chip electrode fabrication, microfluidics, and bioelectrocatalyis. Identification of underlying organizing principles and experimental characterization of far-from-equilibrium systems have broad applications in physical, chemical, and biological systems. The investigation of coupled cathode-anode multi-electrode flow cells fills in the gap between the existing knowledge on complex behavior of electrochemical systems and the modeling needs of industrial applications of galvanic and electrolytic cells. Oscillatory electrochemical media allow for testing recent theories on synchronization and network dynamics that have importance in generation of circadian rhythms and hypersynchronous neural discharges in epileptic seizures. Characterization of emergent reactive properties of bioelectrocatalytic systems has broader impact in clean technology: features of spatial and temporal enzyme activities affect power curves of bioelectrodes.In this context, Professor Kiss will develop and demonstrate a set of experiments about self-organizing systems. These experiments (e.g., on chaotic corrosion) will show how to connect notions from different disciplines to interpret emergent phenomena. They will be used as an outreach tool to convey the importance multidisciplinary science, to distribute recent theories and notions in Nonlinear Science to current and future biologists, chemists, and physicists, and to educate the public about the emergence of complex, 'intelligent' behavior of abiotic systems.