CAREER: Novel Quantum Ordered States from Strong or Long-Range Interaction in Multicomponent Systems

本职业奖支持凝聚态物质新状态的理论研究和教育。这项研究主要集中在两个方面。物质的新量子有序态。量子有序态通过拓扑缺陷的扩散来恢复其破缺的对称性。在传统的量子流体和气体中，只有最简单的拓扑缺陷是重要的。PI将研究具有强或远距离相互作用的多组分量子流体和气体中可能出现的不同可能性。在这样的系统中，可能存在与拓扑缺陷的复杂束缚态的扩散相关的相变，这些相变不会产生对称性的完全恢复。它可以导致形成具有部分对称性破坏的物质的新型聚集体“超级”状态，例如在氢同位素和富氢合金的超高压力下可能出现的金属和超导超流体。PI计划发展一个理论，并预测这些预测的新物质状态的实验表现和可能的探测。PI将研究光学晶格中冷原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体混合物中成对超流体和超反流体的性质。迈斯纳效应是单组分超导体的典型特性。PI将研究在某些多组分系统中，规范场波动是否使有效描述在一定长度尺度上可映射到faddev - skyrme -类有效模型。这些系统的磁响应可能与迈斯纳效应有根本的不同。PI将研究这是否会导致拓扑缺陷，其中能量是缺陷尺寸的非单调函数。这些缺陷在多组分系统中的存在可能导致全新的物理学。PI还将研究“1.5型”超导的性质及其出现的条件。这是一种具有非单调涡旋相互作用势的超导态，它可以出现在多组分，例如双带超导体中。这种状态的磁响应与传统的i型和ii型超导体的磁响应不同。教育活动的目的是通过在医学院和其他自然科学教学领域使用的基于问题的学习概念的原始实施，将课堂教育与独立研究培训联系起来。教育和研究部分也将通过创建一个广泛的课程来整合，该课程将以统一的方式涵盖凝聚态物理，高能物理和宇宙学的概念。该奖项支持理论研究和教育，旨在预测在各种条件下材料中可能出现的新物质状态的存在。这项研究的重点是物质的状态，在这种状态下，宏观上大量的电子或原子可以根据量子力学定律以锁步的方式行动。这导致了一些现象，这些现象反映了量子世界的反直觉定律，量子世界是电子和原子等最小粒子的世界，但却是在宏观的人类尺度上。超导性是一种电子可以导电而不耗散的状态，是低温下某些材料中出现的一个例子。PI将研究复杂材料中的电子中可能出现的新型量子流体，处于实验前沿的高压下的氢元素，以及被冷却到接近绝对零度并被激光束捕获的原子。教育活动的目的是通过在医学院和其他自然科学教学领域使用的基于问题的学习概念的原始实施，将课堂教育与独立研究培训联系起来。教育和研究部分也将通过创建一个广泛的课程来整合，该课程将以统一的方式涵盖凝聚态物理，高能物理和宇宙学的概念。

TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis CAREER award supports theoretical research and education on new states of matter that may arise in condensed matter. The research focuses broadly on two areas. Novel quantum order states of matter. A quantum ordered state restores its broken symmetries via a proliferation of topological defects. In conventional quantum fluids and gases only the simplest topological defects are important. The PI will investigate different possibilities which might arise in multicomponent quantum fluids and gases with strong or long-range intercomponent interaction. In such systems there can be phase transitions associated with proliferation of complex bound states of topological defects which do not produce a complete restoration of symmetry. It can lead to formation of new types of the aggregate "super" states of matter with partially broken symmetries such as metallic and superconducting superfluids which may arise at ultrahigh pressures in hydrogen isotopes and hydrogen-rich alloys. The PI plans to develop a theory and to predict experimental manifestations and possible probes of these projected new states of matter. The PI will investigate the properties of paired superfluids and super-counter-fluids in mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates of cold atoms in optical lattices Magnetic response of multicomponent superconductors beyond the Meissner effect. The Meissner effect is the quintessential property of a single-component superconductor. The PI will investigate whether in some multicomponent systems gauge field fluctuations render the effective description mappable to Faddeev-Skyrme-like effective models at certain length scales. The magnetic response of these systems might differ fundamentally from the Meissner effect. The PI will investigate whether this results in topological defects in which energy is a non-monotonic function of the defect size. Existence of such defects in multicomponent systems may result in entirely novel physics. The PI will also investigate the properties of "type-1.5" superconductivity and the conditions under which it appears. This is a superconducting state with non-monotonic vortex interaction potential which can arise in multicomponent, for example two-band, superconductors. The magnetic response of this state is different from that of traditional type-I and type-II superconductors. The educational activities are aimed at bridging classroom education with independent research training through an original implementation of the Problem Based Learning concept used in medical schools and other areas for teaching Natural Sciences. The educational and research part will be integrated also by creating a broad course which will cover in a unified way concepts from condensed matter physics, high energy physics, and cosmology. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis CAREER award supports theoretical research and education seeking to predict the existence of new states of matter that may occur in materials under a wide range of conditions. The research focuses on states of matter where a macroscopically large number of electrons or atoms can act in a lock-step fashion according to the laws of quantum mechanics. This leads to phenomena that are a reflection of the counterintuitive laws of the quantum world, the world of the smallest particles like electrons and atoms, but on the macroscopic human scale. Superconductivity, a state of electrons that can conduct electricity without dissipation, is an example which occurs in some materials at low temperature.The PI will study new kinds of quantum fluids that may arise in the electrons in complex materials, the element hydrogen under very high pressures which lies at the frontiers of experiments, and atoms that are cooled close to the absolute zero of temperature and trapped by laser beams. The educational activities are aimed at bridging classroom education with independent research training through an original implementation of the Problem Based Learning concept used in medical schools and other areas for teaching Natural Sciences. The educational and research part will be integrated also by creating a broad course which will cover in a unified way concepts from condensed matter physics, high energy physics, and cosmology.