CAREER: Novel Quantum Ordered States from Strong or Long-Range Interaction in Multicomponent Systems

技术总结这个职业奖项支持关于凝聚态物质中可能出现的新物质状态的理论研究和教育。这项研究主要集中在两个领域。物质的新量子有序状态。量子有序态通过大量的拓扑缺陷恢复其破缺的对称性。在传统的量子流体和气体中，只有最简单的拓扑缺陷才是重要的。PI将研究在多组分量子流体和具有强或远程组份间相互作用的气体中可能出现的不同可能性。在这样的系统中，可能存在与拓扑缺陷的复杂束缚态的扩散相关的相变，这不会产生完全的对称性恢复。它可以导致形成具有部分破缺对称性的新型聚集态，如金属和超导超流，这种超流可能在氢同位素和富氢合金的超高压下出现。PI计划发展一种理论，并预测这些被预测的新物质状态的实验表现和可能的探索。PI将研究光学晶格中冷原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚混合物中成对超流体和超反流体的性质。超出迈斯纳效应的多组分超导体的磁响应。迈斯纳效应是单组分超导体的典型性质。PI将调查在某些多组分系统中，规范场的波动是否使得有效描述可以映射到特定长度尺度下的Faddeev-Skyrme类有效模型。这些系统的磁响应可能从根本上不同于迈斯纳效应。PI将调查这是否导致其中能量是缺陷大小的非单调函数的拓扑缺陷。多组分体系中这种缺陷的存在可能导致全新的物理学。PI还将研究“1.5型”超导电性的性质以及它出现的条件。这是一种具有非单调涡旋相互作用势的超导态，它可以出现在多组分中，例如两带超导体中。这种状态的磁响应不同于传统的I型和II型超导体。教育活动的目的是通过在医学院和其他自然科学教学领域原创地实施以问题为基础的学习概念，将课堂教育与独立研究培训联系起来。教育和研究部分也将通过创建一门广泛的课程来整合，该课程将以统一的方式涵盖凝聚态物理、高能物理和宇宙学的概念。非技术总结这个职业奖项支持理论研究和教育，这些研究和教育寻求预测材料在各种条件下可能出现的新的物质状态的存在。这项研究的重点是物质的状态，在这种状态下，宏观上大量的电子或原子可以根据量子力学定律以锁步的方式发挥作用。这导致了一些现象，这些现象反映了量子世界的反直觉规律，量子世界是由电子和原子等最小粒子组成的世界，但在人类的宏观尺度上。超导是一种电子可以不耗散地导电的状态，它是一些材料在低温下出现的一个例子。PI将研究复杂材料中电子可能出现的新型量子流体，位于实验前沿的高压下的氢元素，以及在绝对零度附近冷却并被激光捕获的原子。教育活动的目的是通过在医学院和其他自然科学教学领域原创地实施以问题为基础的学习概念，将课堂教育与独立研究培训联系起来。教育和研究部分也将通过创建一门广泛的课程来整合，该课程将以统一的方式涵盖凝聚态物理、高能物理和宇宙学的概念。

TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis CAREER award supports theoretical research and education on new states of matter that may arise in condensed matter. The research focuses broadly on two areas. Novel quantum order states of matter. A quantum ordered state restores its broken symmetries via a proliferation of topological defects. In conventional quantum fluids and gases only the simplest topological defects are important. The PI will investigate different possibilities which might arise in multicomponent quantum fluids and gases with strong or long-range intercomponent interaction. In such systems there can be phase transitions associated with proliferation of complex bound states of topological defects which do not produce a complete restoration of symmetry. It can lead to formation of new types of the aggregate "super" states of matter with partially broken symmetries such as metallic and superconducting superfluids which may arise at ultrahigh pressures in hydrogen isotopes and hydrogen-rich alloys. The PI plans to develop a theory and to predict experimental manifestations and possible probes of these projected new states of matter. The PI will investigate the properties of paired superfluids and super-counter-fluids in mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates of cold atoms in optical lattices Magnetic response of multicomponent superconductors beyond the Meissner effect. The Meissner effect is the quintessential property of a single-component superconductor. The PI will investigate whether in some multicomponent systems gauge field fluctuations render the effective description mappable to Faddeev-Skyrme-like effective models at certain length scales. The magnetic response of these systems might differ fundamentally from the Meissner effect. The PI will investigate whether this results in topological defects in which energy is a non-monotonic function of the defect size. Existence of such defects in multicomponent systems may result in entirely novel physics. The PI will also investigate the properties of "type-1.5" superconductivity and the conditions under which it appears. This is a superconducting state with non-monotonic vortex interaction potential which can arise in multicomponent, for example two-band, superconductors. The magnetic response of this state is different from that of traditional type-I and type-II superconductors. The educational activities are aimed at bridging classroom education with independent research training through an original implementation of the Problem Based Learning concept used in medical schools and other areas for teaching Natural Sciences. The educational and research part will be integrated also by creating a broad course which will cover in a unified way concepts from condensed matter physics, high energy physics, and cosmology. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis CAREER award supports theoretical research and education seeking to predict the existence of new states of matter that may occur in materials under a wide range of conditions. The research focuses on states of matter where a macroscopically large number of electrons or atoms can act in a lock-step fashion according to the laws of quantum mechanics. This leads to phenomena that are a reflection of the counterintuitive laws of the quantum world, the world of the smallest particles like electrons and atoms, but on the macroscopic human scale. Superconductivity, a state of electrons that can conduct electricity without dissipation, is an example which occurs in some materials at low temperature.The PI will study new kinds of quantum fluids that may arise in the electrons in complex materials, the element hydrogen under very high pressures which lies at the frontiers of experiments, and atoms that are cooled close to the absolute zero of temperature and trapped by laser beams. The educational activities are aimed at bridging classroom education with independent research training through an original implementation of the Problem Based Learning concept used in medical schools and other areas for teaching Natural Sciences. The educational and research part will be integrated also by creating a broad course which will cover in a unified way concepts from condensed matter physics, high energy physics, and cosmology.