Collaborative Research: Development of song culture in zebra finches - vocal and sensory changes over generations

合作研究：斑胸草雀鸣叫文化的发展——几代人的声音和感官变化

• 批准号: 0956550
• 负责人: Ofer Tchernichovski
• 金额: $ 33.96万
• 依托单位: CUNY City College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2012-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0956550&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Development; song; culture

Culture consists of traits transmitted through social learning. One example for social learning is the acquisition of song by songbirds: During a sensitive period early in life, young males learn to imitate their father's song. Songbirds provide tractable models of culture: Members of a species show individual variation in song, and geographically separated groups have local song dialects, i.e., a local song culture. How does song culture develop over multiple generations? In zebra finches, birds kept isolated during the sensitive period develop an abnormal (isolate) song. Interestingly, in an isolated colony founded by an isolate, "normal" songs with species-typical features emerge within 3-4 generations, due to biased imitation that gradually transforms the isolate song into the species-typical song. Understanding how song develops in individual birds and how song culture develops in a community might require knowledge not only about the vocal, but also about the sensory-perceptual development across generations, as well as the social interactions which accompany it. This project is a combined study of social, vocal, and sensory aspects of song development. The investigators will design controlled social environments to examine dynamically how song is acquired and how song culture emerges. They will combine the continuous analysis of vocal changes and social interactions with non-invasive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain to investigate how auditory brain responses to songs develop, and how they drive cultural changes. Moreover, these researchers will test if developmental changes in brain architecture correlate with observed vocal and/or sensory changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). This research will provide a bridge between studies of vocal and sensory changes and ethology studies of cultural changes in vocal communication. This project will contribute to the training of three graduate students, and provide scientific education and research training to undergraduate students as well as middle and high school students in the community.

文化由通过社会学习传播的特征组成。社会学习的一个例子是鸣禽获得歌曲：在生命早期的敏感时期，年轻的雄性学会模仿他们父亲的歌曲。鸣禽提供了易于处理的文化模式：一个物种的成员在歌声中表现出个体差异，地理上分离的群体有当地的歌声方言，即，当地的歌曲文化。歌曲文化是如何在几代人之间发展的？在斑胸草雀中，在敏感期被隔离的鸟类会产生一种不正常的（孤立的）歌声。有趣的是，在一个由一个隔离物建立的隔离群体中，具有物种典型特征的“正常”歌声在3-4代内出现，这是由于有偏见的模仿逐渐将隔离物歌声转化为物种典型歌声。要了解鸟类个体的鸣唱发展以及群体中鸣唱文化的发展，不仅需要了解鸣唱的声音，还需要了解几代人之间的感官知觉发展以及伴随而来的社会互动。本项目是对鸣唱发展的社会、声音和感官方面的综合研究。研究人员将设计受控的社会环境来动态地研究歌曲是如何获得的以及歌曲文化是如何出现的。他们将联合收割机结合对声音变化和社会互动的连续分析，以及对大脑的非侵入性功能性磁共振成像（fMRI），以研究大脑对歌曲的听觉反应如何发展，以及它们如何推动文化变革。此外，这些研究人员将使用扩散张量成像（DTI）测试大脑结构的发育变化是否与观察到的声音和/或感觉变化相关。本研究将提供一个桥梁，研究之间的声音和感官的变化和行为学研究的文化变化，在声乐交流。 该项目将培养三名研究生，并为社区的本科生和初中生提供科学教育和研究培训。