Plant Cell Wall Architecture and Fungal Pathogen Susceptibility

植物细胞壁结构和真菌病原体敏感性

• 批准号: 0957264
• 负责人: Ann L. Powell
• 金额: $ 78.88万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-15 至 2014-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0957264&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Plant; Cell; Wall; Architecture; Fungal

Remodeling of the polysaccharide-rich cell wall surrounding all plant cells may accompany increased susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea, a pathogenic fungus that rots most fruit. Tomato fruit ripening is an example of plant cell wall disassembly that coincides with increased pathogen susceptibility. While ripening tomato fruit and Botrytis express similar plant cell wall degrading enzymes, previous work demonstrated that the enzymes produced by ripening fruit are crucial for the ripening-associated increase in susceptibility. Observations that not all non-ripening tomato mutants are resistant to Botrytis, suggested that some, but not all, ripening events are responsible for fruit susceptibility to decomposition. The mechanism(s) that make ripe fruit susceptible include cell wall disassembly which provides B. cinerea with accessible nutrients in circumstances where anti-pathogen responses are limited. This project identifies 1) polysaccharide targets of fruit cell wall remodeling proteins, 2) B. cinerea and fruit gene expression changes and 3) proteins produced by both interactors, to link specific components of the wall architecture to pathogen perception and the consequent susceptibility. The researchers' expertise in polysaccharide characterization and simultaneous plant and pathogen transcriptome and proteome analyses allows evaluation of wall architecture, infection, and ripening, thereby expanding knowledge about the diversity of fungal decomposing strategies and the plasticity of plant responses. This project uses an economically significant pathogen and fruit; the results may be applied to other crop plants and plant parts whose wall architecture is altered. The researchers have strong ties to US and international agricultural sectors enhancing the education of high school and undergraduate students, including individuals from agricultural communities in Costa Rica and Mexico and from small underserved undergraduate and technical institutions.

所有植物细胞周围富含多糖的细胞壁的重塑可能伴随着对灰霉病（Botrytis cinerea）的敏感性增加，灰霉病是一种使大多数水果腐烂的病原真菌。 番茄果实成熟是植物细胞壁分解的一个例子，与病原体敏感性增加同时发生。 虽然成熟的番茄果实和贵腐菌表达相似的植物细胞壁降解酶，但之前的研究表明，成熟果实产生的酶对于成熟相关的易感性增加至关重要。 观察结果表明，并非所有未成熟番茄突变体都对灰霉病具有抗性，这表明一些但不是全部的成熟事件是导致果实易腐烂的原因。使成熟果实易受影响的机制包括细胞壁分解，这在抗病原体反应有限的情况下为灰霉病菌提供了可利用的营养物质。 该项目确定了 1) 水果细胞壁重塑蛋白的多糖靶点，2) 灰霉病菌和水果基因表达变化，以及 3) 两种相互作用因子产生的蛋白质，将细胞壁结构的特定成分与病原体感知和随后的易感性联系起来。 研究人员在多糖表征以及同步植物和病原体转录组和蛋白质组分析方面的专业知识可以评估壁结构、感染和成熟，从而扩展有关真菌分解策略多样性和植物反应可塑性的知识。 该项目使用具有经济意义的病原体和水果；研究结果可应用于壁结构发生改变的其他农作物和植物部分。研究人员与美国和国际农业部门有着密切的联系，加强高中生和本科生的教育，其中包括来自哥斯达黎加和墨西哥农业社区以及服务不足的小型本科生和技术机构的个人。