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Archetypes and Prototypes of Decisions under Uncertainty

不确定性下决策的原型和原型

基本信息

批准号：
0962543
负责人：
Shachar Kariv
金额：
$ 53.47万
依托单位：
University of California-Berkeley
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-10-01 至 2014-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0962543&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Archetypes Prototypes Decisions under Uncertainty

项目摘要

This project uses a series of decision making experiments to gather data for understanding choice under uncertainty. The project also develops tools for the theoretical analysis of choice under uncertainty and a blend of parametric and non-parametric econometric techniques for testing the theory with the new data. The theoretical and experimental aspects of the project provide a richer understanding of risk preferences and the choices that implement them.The experiments provide a positive account of choice under uncertainty in an environment that allows for a general characterization of the patterns of individual behavior. Previous data show that although there is considerable heterogeneity in choce behavior, participants do behave in a way that is consistent in the sense that choices maximize a consistent set of preferences. However, subjects also use identifiable common heuristics (rules of thumb) to make decisions. These two different kinds of behavior reflect two different kinds of rationality: substantive rationality and procedural rationality. The new theory combines these two different ideas into a single model and the research team will use the new theory to develop a method to identify when people make decisions using procedural or substantive rationality.Understanding how people make decisions in risky situations is an important and interdisciplinary research question that also has important implications for public policy. The experimental platform and the analytical techniques that the researchers are developing will be broadly useful to the research community.

该项目使用一系列决策实验来收集数据，以理解不确定性下的选择。该项目还开发了用于不确定性下选择的理论分析的工具，以及参数和非参数计量经济技术的混合，用于使用新数据测试理论。该项目的理论和实验方面提供了一个更丰富的理解风险偏好和实施他们的选择。实验提供了一个积极的选择下的不确定性的环境，允许个人行为模式的一般特征。先前的数据表明，尽管选择行为存在相当大的异质性，但参与者的行为方式确实是一致的，即选择最大化了一组一致的偏好。然而，受试者也使用可识别的共同经验（经验法则）来做出决定。这两种不同的行为体现了两种不同的理性：实体理性和程序理性。新理论将这两种不同的观点结合到一个模型中，研究团队将利用新理论开发一种方法，以识别人们何时使用程序理性或实质理性做出决策。了解人们在风险情况下如何做出决策是一个重要的跨学科研究问题，对公共政策也有重要意义。研究人员正在开发的实验平台和分析技术将对研究界广泛有用。