ANIMA (Accelerometer Network Integrator for Mobile Animals), a New Instrument Package for Integrating Behavior, Physiology and Ecology of Wild Mammals

ANIMA（移动动物加速计网络集成器），一种用于集成野生哺乳动物行为、生理学和生态学的新型仪器包

• 批准号: 0963022
• 负责人: Christopher Wilmers
• 金额: $ 82.04万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-15 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0963022&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ANIMA; Accelerometer; Network; Integrator; Mobile

The study of wild terrestrial mammals has been greatly advanced in recent years by the wide spread adoption of GPS technology into biologging collars. These devices provide investigators with hour-by-hour information about animal location that can be used to understand a wide variety of patterns ranging from animal migration to habitat preferences. Current biologging technologies provide little information, however, about animal behavior and physiology which are critical to understanding how terrestrial mammals respond to different stimuli such as climate, interactions with other organisms, and landscape influences such as human development. Recent breakthroughs in sensor miniaturization and power consumption now make it possible to incorporate low cost accelerometers and magnetometers, such as those found in consumer applications like the iphone and Nintendo Wii, into a biologging collar that continuously measures behavior and energetics. The project will develop, calibrate and test a collar (the ANIMA) that can be used to assess continuous time-energy budgets, movement patterns, behavioral diaries, and daily energetic costs of free-ranging terrestrial mammals such as mountain lion, wolves and elephants:i. Collar development: Design and build a long life collar for terrestrial wildlife with archival storage of continuously sampled accelerometer and magnetometer data for precise reconstruction of energetics, behavior and dead reckoning of animal movement path, onboard control of GPS sampling interval based on animal foot fall frequency, and remote download of GPS locations with behavioral codes.ii. Collar calibration to behaviors such as walking, running and feeding for a variety of species to determine energetic costs using metabolic chambers and/or empirically derived energetic models.iii. Collar testing on wild mountain lions in the Santa Cruz Mountains, in order to test functionality and durability. The development of the ANIMA leverages the skills of a unique interdisciplinary team from the departments of Computer Engineering, Environmental Studies, and Ecology and Evolutionary biology. Successful completion of the project will result in a major technological advancement for the scientific study, monitoring and management of a wide range of mammals living in diverse terrestrial ecosystems. The ANIMA collars are designed for and will be made available to the biological community at large, potentially leading to significant breakthroughs in large mammal ecology, conservation and management. In addition, as these collars are designed for megafauna that are naturally charismatic, insights are likely to greatly inform public knowledge and opinion of large mammal behavior and conservation. Outreach activities include presentations at professional conferences, public lectures, curricula development for elementary and high school science classes, an interactive web site and coverage by various media. Details on where and how to purchase ANIMA collars will be made available on our website at http://people.ucsc.edu/~cwilmers/index.html.

近年来，全球定位系统技术在生物记录项圈中的广泛应用极大地促进了对野生陆生哺乳动物的研究。这些设备为研究人员提供了有关动物位置的逐小时信息，可用于了解从动物迁徙到栖息地偏好的各种模式。然而，目前的生物记录技术提供的关于动物行为和生理的信息很少，而这些信息对于了解陆生哺乳动物如何对不同的刺激做出反应至关重要，这些刺激包括气候，与其他生物的相互作用以及人类发展等景观影响。传感器小型化和功耗方面的最新突破现在使得可以将低成本加速度计和磁力计（例如在iPhone和任天堂Wii等消费者应用中发现的那些）并入连续测量行为和能量的生物记录项圈中。该项目将开发、校准和测试一种项圈（ANIMA），该项圈可用于评估自由放养的陆地哺乳动物（如美洲狮、狼和大象）的连续时间-能量预算、运动模式、行为日记和每日能量消耗。衣领发育：为陆地野生动物设计和建造一个寿命长的项圈，其具有连续采样的加速计和磁力计数据的档案存储，用于精确重建动物运动路径的能量学、行为和航位推算，基于动物跌倒频率的GPS采样间隔的机载控制，以及具有行为代码的GPS位置的远程下载。对各种物种的诸如行走、跑步和进食的行为进行项圈校准，以使用代谢室和/或经验导出的能量模型来确定能量成本。对圣克鲁斯山脉的野生山狮进行项圈测试，以测试功能性和耐用性。ANIMA的开发利用了来自计算机工程，环境研究，生态学和进化生物学部门的独特跨学科团队的技能。该项目的成功完成将导致对生活在不同陆地生态系统中的各种哺乳动物进行科学研究、监测和管理的重大技术进步。 ANIMA项圈是为整个生物界设计的，并将提供给广大生物界，可能会在大型哺乳动物生态学，保护和管理方面取得重大突破。此外，由于这些项圈是为自然魅力十足的巨型动物设计的，因此这些见解可能会极大地告知公众对大型哺乳动物行为和保护的认识和意见。外联活动包括在专业会议上介绍情况、公开讲座、为小学和中学科学课程编制课程、建立一个互动网站以及各种媒体的报道。 关于在哪里以及如何购买ANIMA项圈的详细信息将在我们的网站http://people.ucsc.edu/~cwilmers/index.html上提供。