BREAD: Biochar Inoculants for Enabling Smallholder Agriculture

面包：生物炭接种剂促进小农农业

• 批准号: 0965336
• 负责人: Johannes Lehmann
• 金额: $ 160.9万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2018-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0965336&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BREAD; Biochar; Inoculants; Enabling; Smallholder

PI: Johannes Lehmann (Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University)Co-PI: Janice Thies (Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University)Co-PI: Rufus Edwards (Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine)Co-PI: Henry Neufeldt (World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya)Collaborator: Betta Fisher (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University)Collaborator: Fred Gouldin (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University)Collaborator: David Lee (Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University)Collaborator: Stephen Joseph (University of New South Wales, Australia)The major threat to agricultural productivity in Africa is the rapid increase in soil degradation that is linked directly to food insecurity, hunger and poverty. Integrating stable biochar into carbon-constrained agricultural systems in developing countries may be able to address long term productivity constraints. Despite its significant potential, it is less known whether biochar inoculants can be developed that enhance crop growth by improving growth conditions for nitrogen fixing bacteria, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The objective of this project is to provide fundamental knowledge of how to best develop and use biochar inoculants within smallholder agriculture systems in Kenya. Resource opportunities are mapped for entire farms, and biochar cook stoves optimized to generate clean household energy as well as agronomically valuable and environmentally safe, stable biochar products. The ability of biochars to provide improved growth conditions for beneficial microorganisms is determined using incubations under a range of soil conditions where organisms are imaged using advanced microscopy. A mechanistic understanding of the way certain biochar traits improve inoculant behavior are obtained by relating microbial occurrence to physical and molecular properties of biochars. The investigation of microbe-biochar interactions are novel and are expected to provide fundamental knowledge at the frontier of soil health science. For the broader community, project outcomes will inform about biomass use and optimization in agricultural systems, cook stove optimization, and mechanisms of microbial inoculant processes, which will significantly strengthen our understanding of soil health management and improve small holder agricultural systems in developing countries.This project will generate innovative ways to sustainably enhance soil resources in developing countries. It is the first of its kind to embrace a full life-cycle approach to solving carbon constraints in small-holder agriculture that can be locally implemented and managed. This project will build local capacity in teaching, learning and research both in Kenya and the US. Students at the undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels will be trained using a wide array of new molecular technologies and approaches to system science. This project will make use of our existing linkages to the United Nations and non-governmental organizations, and communicate results directly to national organizations in Africa involved in education, research and policy making. The project is making results available through a project website, a permanently archived database on Cornell University's D-space archive, and a CD-ROM which will include cook stove designs, biochar-inoculant production and application protocols. Information will also be disseminated through workshops on biochar-inoculant methods, publications, project briefs, and presentations.

PI：约翰内斯·莱曼（Johannes Lehmann）（康奈尔大学农作物和土壤科学）Co-pi：Janice Thies（康奈尔大学农作物和土壤科学）Co-Pi：Rufus Edwards（加利福尼亚州Irvine University of Colicemiology of Copidemiology of California Irvine）Co-Pi：Henry Neufeldt：Henry Neufeldt：World Agroforestry Centres（iCraialial），Nierialial andialial Eerobi，kenyy andy anyya andialy（肯尼亚）： Engineering, Cornell University)Collaborator: Fred Gouldin (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University)Collaborator: David Lee (Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University)Collaborator: Stephen Joseph (University of New South Wales, Australia)The major threat to agricultural productivity in Africa is the rapid increase in soil degradation that is linked directly to food insecurity, hunger and poverty.在发展中国家将稳定的生物炭集成到碳构成的农业系统中可能能够解决长期的生产率限制。尽管具有巨大的潜力，但鲜为人知的生物炭接种剂是否可以通过改善氮固定细菌的生长条件，促进根茎细菌和羊膜菌根菌根真菌来增强作物的生长。该项目的目的是提供有关如何最好地开发和使用肯尼亚小农业农业系统中的生物炭的基本知识。为整个农场绘制了资源机会，并优化了生物炭厨师炉，以产生清洁的家庭能源以及农艺上有价值且在环境上安全，稳定的生物炭产品。生物char为有益微生物提供改善生长条件的能力是在使用晚期显微镜成像的一系列土壤条件下进行孵育确定的。通过将微生物与生物char的物理和分子特性相关联，对某些生物炭特征改善接种剂行为的方式的机理理解。微生物生物炭相互作用的研究是新颖的，有望在土壤健康科学领域提供基本知识。对于更广泛的社区，项目成果将为农业系统，库克炉的优化和微生物接种过程的机制提供信息，这将显着增强我们对土壤健康管理的理解，并改善发展中国家的小型持有人农业系统。这将为发展中国家提供可持续发展的国家土壤资源。这是第一个采用完整的生命周期方法来解决可以在本地实施和管理的小型农业中解决碳限制的方法。该项目将在肯尼亚和美国的教学，学习和研究方面增强当地能力。本科，研究生和研究生级别的学生将使用各种各样的新分子技术和系统科学方法进行培训。该项目将利用我们与联合国和非政府组织的现有联系，并将结果直接与参与教育，研究和政策制定的非洲国家组织进行交流。该项目正在通过项目网站，康奈尔大学D空间档案中的永久存档数据库以及CD-ROM提供结果，其中包括Cook炉灶设计，生物炭化剂生产和应用程序协议。信息还将通过有关生物炭隔离剂方法，出版物，项目简介和演示文稿的研讨会来传播。