PIRE: LIFE ON A TECTONICALLY-ACTIVE DELTA: CONVERGENCE OF EARTH SCIENCE AND GEOHAZARD RESEARCH IN BANGLADESH WITH EDUCATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING
PIRE:地质活动活跃的三角洲上的生命:孟加拉国地球科学和地质灾害研究与教育和能力建设的融合
基本信息
- 批准号:0968354
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 450万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2010
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2010-09-01 至 2018-08-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
This PIRE project brings together an international team of U.S., Bangladeshi, Indian, German, and Italian scientists to further our understanding of the dynamics of the world's largest delta, the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta (GBMD). This delta, named for the three large rivers that flow into it from the Himalayan and Burmese Ranges, encompasses most of Bangladesh. In addition to its size, this delta is notable because it is at the active juncture of three tectonic plates and receives over one gigaton of sediment annually from the three large rivers. Only about one-third of this sediment remains in the delta because the delta is sinking so rapidly. This combination preserves a tremendous stratigraphic archive of erosional processes in the Himalaya, the river-based processes that are building the GBMD, the tectonics of the active plate boundaries it overlies, and the interactions among these processes. This record is largely unexplored and little is known about the fundamental interactions between sedimentation and tectonics at this scale. This PIRE team will use a broad suite of disciplines and techniques to collectively study the sedimentary and hydrological processes, tectonics, structural geology, and seismology essential to unravelling GBMD dynamics. The PIRE team will first create a record of the stratigraphic architecture of the delta using a mixture of advanced technical and local manual methods. Core areas of the project include: 1) defining the tectonic plate boundaries that are buried by sedimentation; 2) identifying potential sources of future earthquakes; 3) investigating the relative causes of subsidence rates due to longer term effects (e.g., sediment loading, tectonics, and compaction) vs. shorter term effects (e.g., earthquakes and human interventions); 4) investigating rapid channel switches of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers; and 5) assembling a comprehensive, integrated record of delta dynamics by coupling tectonics and hydrological processes, and by linking long-term steady processes with abrupt, short-term events. Bangladesh is a developing country that is the size of Iowa, but with a 50-fold greater population of almost 160 million people. This impoverished nation is extremely vulnerable to natural hazards related to the dynamism of the delta system. Such hazards include widespread seasonal flooding, river erosion and channel redirections, permanent land loss from sea level rise, naturally-occurring arsenic in groundwater, recurrent cyclones and monsoons, landslides, and huge earthquakes. Because such infrequent geologic events are poorly understood, there is little long-term planning to address the timescales at which the dynamic GBMD landscape is changing, leaving a growing population at risk. Reliable knowledge of geologic processes is therefore a prerequisite for effective infrastructure design, risk-reduction and resource optimization in Bangladesh. The PIRE project provides a compelling international education opportunity for all participants by collaboratively engaging them in research on an important fundamental problem, the results of which could reduce the impact of future delta-related hazards. It will train the next generation of U.S. earth and environmental scientists to work globally via international fieldwork, laboratory experiments and analysis, and modelling. Graduate students and undergraduates from PIRE institutions will be able to conduct research in Bangladesh and enroll in interdisciplinary field courses there; additional research trips and field schools will be open to students from institutions not directly involved in the PIRE research efforts. The project will also broaden participation across PIRE institutions and strengthen the geosciences dimensions of an interdisciplinary course on water issues in Bangladesh taught at the University of Minnesota. The PIRE project will allow the U.S. institutions to build their capacity for international engagement. It will strengthen and link longstanding ongoing research involvement in Bangladesh on several campuses. It will couple the U.S. institutions in an international network of delta experts in Europe and South Asia. Members of the project will also take advantage of the unique "Experimental Earthscape" and computational facilities at the National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics (NCED), an NSF-funded Science and Technology Center at the University of Minnesota. Linkage to NCED, which supports many researchers studying the Mississippi River delta, means this PIRE has the potential to have a large national impact by providing fundamental new insights into the behavior of delta systems. This award will also help build Bangladeshi research capacity and infrastructure via the collaboration with the Delta Study Centre (DSC) and Dhaka University Earth Obseratory (DUEO) at Dhaka University (DU). The project should help position DSC and DUEO as centers of excellence on deltaic sedimentary and tectonic processes and establish them as a focal points for GMBD research with strong faculty, archived sedimentary data, and oversight of critical seismic and GPS networks. The collaborating institutions in the U.S. are Columbia University (NY), Vanderbilt University (TN), the University of Minnesota, and City University of New York, Queens College. Collaborating foreign institutions are the University of Dhaka (Bangladesh), Bremen University (Germany), Physical Research Laboratory (India), the Bengal Engineering and Science University (India), and Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (Italy). This project is cofunded by NSF's Office of International Science and Engineering and the Division of Earth Sciences.
该项目汇集了一个由美国、孟加拉国、印度、德国和意大利科学家组成的国际团队,以进一步了解世界上最大的三角洲——恒河-布拉马普特拉河-梅克纳河三角洲(GBMD)的动态。这个三角洲,以从喜马拉雅山脉和缅甸山脉流入的三条大河命名,涵盖了孟加拉国的大部分地区。除了它的大小之外,这个三角洲之所以引人注目,还因为它位于三个构造板块的活跃结合处,每年从三条大河中吸收超过十亿吨的沉积物。只有大约三分之一的沉积物留在三角洲,因为三角洲下沉得太快了。这一组合保存了大量的地层档案,包括喜马拉雅地区的侵蚀过程、形成GBMD的河流过程、它所覆盖的活动板块边界的构造以及这些过程之间的相互作用。这一记录在很大程度上是未被探索的,人们对这种规模的沉积和构造之间的基本相互作用知之甚少。该研究小组将使用广泛的学科和技术来共同研究沉积和水文过程、构造学、构造地质学和地震学,这些对揭示GBMD动力学至关重要。该小组将首先使用先进技术和当地手工方法的混合方法,创建三角洲地层结构的记录。项目核心区包括:1)确定沉积作用下的构造板块边界;2)确定未来地震的潜在震源;3)调查长期影响(如泥沙负荷、构造和压实)与短期影响(如地震和人为干预)造成沉降率的相对原因;4)调查恒河和雅鲁藏布江的快速河道转换;5)通过构造和水文过程的耦合,以及将长期稳定的过程与突发的短期事件联系起来,收集三角洲动力学的全面、综合记录。孟加拉国是一个发展中国家,面积与爱荷华州相当,但人口是爱荷华州的50倍,有近1.6亿人。这个贫穷的国家极易受到与三角洲系统的活力有关的自然灾害的影响。这些灾害包括广泛的季节性洪水、河流侵蚀和河道改道、海平面上升造成的永久性土地流失、地下水中自然存在的砷、经常性的旋风和季风、山体滑坡和大地震。由于人们对这种罕见的地质事件知之甚少,因此几乎没有长期规划来解决动态GBMD景观变化的时间尺度问题,这使得越来越多的人口处于危险之中。因此,可靠的地质过程知识是孟加拉国有效的基础设施设计、降低风险和资源优化的先决条件。该项目为所有参与者提供了一个引人注目的国际教育机会,通过合作让他们参与一个重要的基本问题的研究,其结果可以减少未来与三角洲有关的危害的影响。它将通过国际实地考察、实验室实验和分析以及建模,培养下一代美国地球和环境科学家在全球范围内工作。来自该机构的研究生和本科生将能够在孟加拉国进行研究,并在那里报名参加跨学科的实地课程;额外的研究之旅和实地学校将向没有直接参与该计划研究工作的院校的学生开放。该项目还将扩大该项目各机构的参与,并加强明尼苏达大学关于孟加拉国水问题的跨学科课程的地球科学内容。该项目将使美国机构能够建立其参与国际事务的能力。它将加强和联系孟加拉国几个校区长期进行的研究参与。它将把美国的机构与欧洲和南亚的三角洲专家组成的国际网络联系起来。该项目的成员还将利用独特的“实验地球景观”和国家地球表面动力学中心(NCED)的计算设施,NCED是美国国家科学基金会资助的科学和技术中心,位于明尼苏达大学。与NCED的联系,它支持许多研究密西西比河三角洲的研究人员,这意味着这个PIRE有可能通过提供对三角洲系统行为的基本新见解而产生巨大的全国影响。该奖项还将通过与三角洲研究中心(DSC)和达卡大学地球观测站(DUEO)的合作,帮助建设孟加拉国的研究能力和基础设施。该项目将有助于将DSC和DUEO定位为三角洲沉积和构造过程的卓越中心,并将其建立为GMBD研究的焦点,拥有强大的师资力量,存档的沉积数据,以及对关键地震和GPS网络的监督。美国的合作机构是哥伦比亚大学(NY)、范德比尔特大学(TN)、明尼苏达大学和纽约城市大学皇后学院。合作的外国机构有达卡大学(孟加拉国)、不来梅大学(德国)、物理研究实验室(印度)、孟加拉工程与科学大学(印度)和国家地质与火山研究所(意大利)。该项目由美国国家科学基金会国际科学与工程办公室和地球科学部共同资助。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(1)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Michael Steckler其他文献
Michael Steckler的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Michael Steckler', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: Exploring the linkages between Sea-Level Change, Sediment Transport and Geomorphology on Coastal Freshwater Water Sequestration
合作研究:探索海平面变化、沉积物输送和沿海淡水固存地貌之间的联系
- 批准号:
1925821 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 450万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Subduction below extreme sedimentation- A multidisciplinary transect from the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta to the IndoBurma Backarc
合作研究:极端沉积作用下的俯冲——从恒河-雅鲁藏布江三角洲到印缅弧后的多学科横断面
- 批准号:
1714892 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 450万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Tectonics in the Western Anatolian Extensional Province from sequence stratigraphic modeling of multichannel seismic data in the Gulf of Kusadasi
根据库萨达斯湾多道地震数据的层序地层模型研究西安纳托利亚伸展省的构造
- 批准号:
1559098 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 450万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: The North Anatolian Fault system in the Marmara Sea, Turkey - Insights from the Plio-Quaternary evolution of a multi-stranded transform
合作研究:土耳其马尔马拉海的北安纳托利亚断层系统 - 多股变换的普里奥-第四纪演化的见解
- 批准号:
1537614 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 450万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: The North Anatolian Fault system in the Marmara Sea, Turkey - Insights from the Quaternary evolution of a multi-stranded transform
合作研究:土耳其马尔马拉海的北安纳托利亚断层系统 - 来自多股变换第四纪演化的见解
- 批准号:
1234428 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 450万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: The North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey: The Growth of Continental Transform Basins
合作研究:土耳其马尔马拉海北安纳托利亚断层:大陆转换盆地的增长
- 批准号:
0928447 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 450万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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合作研究:从俯冲到碰撞过渡时的隆起和断层——卡拉布里亚弧的现场和建模研究
- 批准号:
0607687 - 财政年份:2006
- 资助金额:
$ 450万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Basin Evolution along Continental Transforms: Nested Hi-Resolution Multichannel Survey in the Marmara Sea, Turkey
合作研究:沿大陆转变的盆地演化:土耳其马尔马拉海嵌套高分辨率多通道调查
- 批准号:
0328119 - 财政年份:2004
- 资助金额:
$ 450万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Creation of a Continental Margin: 3D Reconstruction of the Gulf of Lion Margin following Messinian Erosion
大陆边缘的创建:墨西拿侵蚀后狮子湾边缘的 3D 重建
- 批准号:
0241964 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 450万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Localization of Deformation During the Transition to Seafloor Spreading, N. Gulf of California
合作研究:加利福尼亚湾北部向海底扩张过渡期间变形的局部化
- 批准号:
0221650 - 财政年份:2002
- 资助金额:
$ 450万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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