Many-Body Collision Dynamics Involving Particles and Antiparticles

在这个项目中，我们将研究最基本的原子碎裂过程。通过监测反应中产生的所有碎片的运动，将获得关于原子系统的完整信息。这些研究直接解决了物理学中最重要但尚未解决的问题之一，即所谓的少体问题。它的本质是，任何有两个以上相互作用的粒子的系统，即使在系统内的初始条件和作用力是精确已知的情况下，也不能用理论来解析描述。因此，关于最基本系统的详细实验数据对于指导寻找数值解的理论工作至关重要。这项工作解决了由3到5个活性粒子组成的系统，并严格测试了用数值方法处理少数体相互作用的理论模型。理解这种简单的系统是从根本上描述更复杂的系统的先决条件。推进我们对少体问题的理解，然后实现从少粒子到多粒子的转变，对现代研究的几乎所有领域都有深远的影响。例如，对化学或生物过程进行建模需要模拟涉及许多粒子的相互作用。了解这些反应对开发新的化合物和未来的医学应用，如新的癌症治疗方法具有重大影响。与团簇、等离子体、固体和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的相互作用或相互作用也涉及大量的粒子。对于这种复杂的系统，为基本的3到5个颗粒系统开发的理论模型可以作为提供更详细描述的基础。作为最后一个例子，为原子系统发展的理论少体模型可以应用于基本粒子反应，从而有助于促进我们对这类系统中潜在的核力的理解，目前这一理解仍然相当不完整。

In this project the most basic atomic fragmentation processes will be studied. By monitoring the motion of all fragments produced in the reaction complete information about the atomic system will be obtained. These studies directly address one of the most fundamentally important, and yet unsolved problems in Physics, the so-called few-body problem. Its essence is that any system with more than two mutually interacting particles cannot be described analytically by theory even when the initial conditions and the forces acting within the system are precisely known. Therefore, detailed experimental data on the most basic systems are crucially important to guide theoretical efforts in finding numeric solutions. This work addresses systems of 3 to 5 active particles and stringently tests theoretical models which numerically treat few-body interactions. Understanding such simple systems is a prerequisite for describing more complex systems on a fundamental level. Advancing our understanding of the few-body problem, and then making the transition from few to many particles, has far-reaching ramifications in almost all areas of modern research. For example, modeling chemical or biological processes requires simulating interactions involving many particles. Understanding such reactions has major impacts on developing new chemical compounds and on future medical applications like e.g. new cancer therapy methods. Interactions with or within e.g. clusters, plasmas, solids, and Bose-Einstein condensates also involve a large number of particles. For such complex systems theoretical models developed for basic 3 to 5 particle systems can serve as a base to provide a more detailed description. As a last example, theoretical few-body models developed for atomic systems can be applied to elementary particle reactions and thereby help to advance our understanding of the underlying nuclear forces in such systems, which at present is still rather incomplete.