Doctoral Dissertation Research: Suppressed Voices, Transitional Lives, Childrens Strategies Negotiating Neoliberal Globalization in Peru.

博士论文研究：压抑的声音、过渡性的生活、秘鲁新自由主义全球化谈判的儿童策略。

• 批准号: 1002671
• 负责人: Victoria Lawson
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1002671&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Suppressed; Voices

Despite studies showing that women and children tend to bear the brunt of structural adjustment policies modifying a nations economy, when international, national and even local policies are made, they are often decided without considering the ways in which such policies will concretely affect resources and opportunities available for young people. Under the direction of Victoria Lawson, doctoral student Dena Aufseeser will explore the effect of economic restructuring and international children's rights regimes on working children in Lima and Cusco Peru. The research will attempt to answer the questions 1) In what ways do Peruvian welfare policy and programs aimed at economically disadvantaged children reflect international children's rights and free-market ideologies? 2) What strategies do economically disadvantaged children use to negotiate these changes? and 3) In what ways do children's lived experiences differ from how they are constructed and portrayed by policy, government officials, and care workers? Informational interviews with government officials, program staff, NGO directors and police officers, along with analysis of relevant child welfare policy, will provide data on available services and opportunities, requisites to utilize such services, and the ways in which adults invoke children's rights. Extended interviews and participant observation with 15 street children in Lima and 15 street children in Cusco will provide data on children's livelihood strategies and responses to social and economic change, exploring topics related to work, education, and interaction with service-providers. Data will then be compared to examine gaps and disconnects in the ways in which adults construct and portray childhood and the ways children describe and frame their own experiences. The methodology recognizes children as social actors, providing spaces for their participation, rather than just providing glimpses into changing social indicators. The findings will indicate how economically vulnerable children respond to structural constraints in creative ways, as well as explore the ways in which free-market ideology and international children's rights complement and contradict each other in the context of child welfare policy in Peru. The investigators expect to demonstrate that children's actual experiences of social and economic change differ significantly from government officials? and policy makers? Claims and portrayals of child poverty, as children's rights continue to be defined by adults, and are selectively applied. This research looks at how global ideas relating to free-market ideologies and international children's rights are reworked in specific contexts. It analyzes the ways in which working children in Lima and Cusco respond to, and negotiate, economic and social changes. An understanding of children's livelihood strategies and views of their future will contribute to strengthening policy regarding child labor and education, as well as overall national development within Perú. In particular, by raising awareness of some of the limitations of current indicators used to measure poverty, this work will contribute to better policy analysis, and in turn, better policies to address issues related to child poverty. It may also impact the literature on international development and children's geographies by considering the ways in which children utilize public spaces as places of work and living. Because child poverty is an issue all countries face, increased communication and awareness of the ways in which both youth and governments respond to such problems can facilitate collaboration to make a concerted effort to improve children's opportunities for future success everywhere. This project is jointly supported by the NSF Geography and Spatial Sciences Program and the Americas Program of the NSF Office of International Science and Engineering.

尽管研究表明，妇女和儿童往往在改变一国经济的结构调整政策中首当其冲，但在制定国际、国家甚至地方政策时，往往没有考虑到这些政策将如何具体影响青年人可利用的资源和机会。在维多利亚劳森的指导下，博士生Dena Aufseeser将探讨经济结构调整和国际儿童权利制度对利马和秘鲁库斯科童工的影响。 研究将试图回答以下问题：1）秘鲁针对经济弱势儿童的福利政策和方案在哪些方面反映了国际儿童权利和自由市场意识形态？2)经济上处于不利地位的儿童使用什么策略来谈判这些变化？3）儿童的生活经历与政策、政府官员和护理人员如何构建和描绘这些经历有哪些不同？ 通过与政府官员、方案工作人员、非政府组织主任和警官进行信息访谈，沿着对有关儿童福利政策的分析，将提供关于现有服务和机会、利用这些服务的意愿以及成年人援引儿童权利的方式的数据。 对利马15名街头儿童和库斯科15名街头儿童的深入访谈和参与观察将提供关于儿童生计战略和对社会和经济变化的反应的数据，探讨与工作、教育和与服务提供者互动有关的主题。然后将对数据进行比较，以检查成人构建和描绘童年的方式以及儿童描述和构建自己经历的方式之间的差距和脱节。该方法确认儿童是社会行为者，为他们的参与提供空间，而不仅仅是提供对不断变化的社会指标的一瞥。 调查结果将表明，经济上易受伤害的儿童如何以创造性的方式应对结构性限制，并探讨自由市场意识形态和国际儿童权利在秘鲁儿童福利政策背景下相互补充和相互矛盾的方式。 调查人员希望证明，儿童的实际经验的社会和经济变化显着不同的政府官员？政策制定者？关于儿童贫穷的主张和描述，因为儿童权利继续由成年人界定，并有选择地适用。 这项研究着眼于如何在具体情况下重新制定与自由市场意识形态和国际儿童权利有关的全球思想。 它分析了利马和库斯科的童工如何应对和谈判经济和社会变革。 了解儿童的生计战略和对儿童未来的看法将有助于加强有关童工和教育的政策，以及秘鲁的总体国家发展。 特别是，通过提高人们对目前用于衡量贫穷的指标的某些局限性的认识，这项工作将有助于更好地进行政策分析，从而有助于制定更好的政策来解决与儿童贫穷有关的问题。 它还可能通过考虑儿童利用公共空间作为工作和生活场所的方式，影响关于国际发展和儿童地理的文献。 由于儿童贫穷是所有国家都面临的问题，加强沟通，了解青年和政府如何应对这些问题，可以促进合作，共同努力，改善各地儿童未来成功的机会。该项目由NSF地理和空间科学计划以及NSF国际科学与工程办公室的美洲计划共同支持。