Urban Employment Patterns with Industrial Subcontracting

工业分包的城市就业模式

• 批准号: 9008956
• 负责人: Victoria Lawson
• 金额: $ 6.51万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-08-01 至 1993-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9008956&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Urban; Employment; Patterns; Industrial; Subcontracting

The restructuring of industrial production in recent years has given rise to new geographic patterns of economic activity. There has been a global shift of much productive activity to developing countries. In addition, there is a growing emergence of new flexible forms of industrial organization at local and urban scales. Growing attention has been paid in geography, sociology, economics and other disciplines to both of these processes and, in particular, to their impacts on economic and social structures in developing countries. This project will examine the relationship between these new flexible industrial structures and the range of employment forms accompanying their expansion. Specifically, it explore the extent to which a key example of flexible production, subcontracting, incorporates cheap, off-premises, unprotected labor into manufacturing versus the extent to which it generates secure, skilled employment in supply firms that are interdependent with parent companies. Comparative empirical research conducted in Ecuador will involve in-depth field work to identify systematic relationships between the structure and nature of subcontracting hierarchies and the range of employment forms they generate. The research will generate descriptive analysis employing secondary data to estimate the structure of subcontracting hierarchies across all enterprises in the garment and auto-assembly industries. These activities will be complemented by an analysis of a sample of firms representing each industry to explore the extent of and rationales for subcontracting. Workers in these firms will be interviewed to identify the range of employment arrangements through which workers are incorporated into these subcontracting hierarchies. Through these empirical analyses, theoretical links between distinct types of subcontracting, resultant employment forms, and their welfare implications will be identified. Subcontracting has received growing attention in the development literature. Considerable research has identified distinct types of subcontracting associated with different reasons for their emergence. Past research has also analyzed relationships between employment forms and worker welfare, but little has been done on the connections among these phenomena. This study will advance our understanding of these issues by posing questions about the theoretical linkages between these two previously unconnected bodies of theory. In addition, this project will develop methods designed for comparative empirical work on subcontracting hierarchies, forms, and resultant employment arrangements. The study will provide the rigorous cross-industry comparison called for in previous work, and it will shed light on the organization of industrial production in a less developed setting. The analysis will contribute to our understanding of the differential consequences of subcontracting arrangements for employment relations and the nature of work and their implications for worker welfare. Increased knowledge about this differentiation is essential to further understanding of contemporary industrial restructuring.

近年来工业生产结构调整 产生了新的经济活动地理格局。 那里 是一种全球性的转移， 国家 此外，越来越多的新的灵活的 地方和城市规模的产业组织形式。 增长 地理学、社会学、经济学和其他学科都给予了关注。 这两个过程的纪律，特别是他们的 对发展中国家经济和社会结构的影响。 本项目将研究这些新的灵活的 产业结构和就业形式的范围 他们的扩张。 具体来说，它探讨了一个关键 灵活生产的例子，分包，结合廉价， 将非本地的、不受保护的劳动力投入制造业， 它在供应公司创造了安全，熟练的就业机会， 与母公司相互依存。 比较实证研究 在厄瓜多尔开展的活动将涉及深入的实地工作， 结构和性质之间的系统关系 分包层次和就业形式的范围， 生成. 该研究将产生描述性分析， 用于估计分包层次结构的辅助数据 服装和自动装配行业的所有企业。 这些活动将辅之以对下列样本的分析： 代表每个行业的公司，以探索的程度和 分包的理由。 这些公司的员工将 通过访谈确定就业安排的范围， 哪些工人被纳入这些分包层级。 通过这些实证分析， 分包类型、由此产生的就业形式及其福利 将确定所涉问题。 分包在发展中越来越受到重视 文学 大量的研究已经确定了不同类型的 分包与其出现的不同原因有关。 过去的研究还分析了就业形式之间的关系 和工人福利，但很少有人做的联系， 这些现象。 这项研究将促进我们对这些问题的理解。 通过对这些问题之间的理论联系提出问题， 两个之前互不相关的理论体系 此外，该项目 将开发设计用于比较经验工作的方法， 分包层次结构、形式和由此产生的雇用 安排 这项研究将提供严格的跨行业 比较要求在以前的工作，它将阐明 在欠发达地区组织工业生产。 的 分析将有助于我们理解差异 分包安排对雇用关系的影响 工作性质及其对工人福利的影响。 增加对这种差异的了解对于进一步 对当代产业结构调整的认识。