Major: Scratch 2.0: Cultivating Creativity and Collaboration in the Cloud

专业：Scratch 2.0：在云端培养创造力和协作

• 批准号: 1002713
• 负责人: Mitchel Resnick
• 金额: $ 79.82万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1002713&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Major; Scratch; 2.0; Cultivating; Creativity

Major: Scratch 2.0: Cultivating Creativity and Collaboration in the CloudInvestigators from the MIT Media Lab will develop and study a new generation of the Scratch programming platform, designed to help young people learn to think creatively, reason systematically, and work collaboratively -- essential skills for success in the 21st century. With Scratch, young people (ages 8 and up) can program their own interactive stories, games, animations, and simulations, then share their creations with others online. Young people around the world have already shared more than 1 million projects on the Scratch community website (http://scratch.mit.edu). The new generation, called Scratch 2.0, will be fully integrated into the Internet, so that young people can more seamlessly share and collaborate on projects, access online data, and program interactions with social media.The research is divided into two strands:-Technological infrastructure for creative collaboration. With Scratch 2.0, people will be able to design and program new types of web-based interactions and services. For example, they will be able to program interactions with social-media websites (such as Facebook), create visualizations with online data, and program their own collaborative applications.-Design experiments for creative collaboration. As the team develops Scratch 2.0, they will run online experiments to study how their design decisions influence the ways in which people collaborate on creative projects, as well as their attitudes towards collaboration.This work builds on a previous NSF grant (ITR-0325828) that supported the development of Scratch. Since its public launch in 2007, Scratch has become a vibrant online community, in which young people program and share interactive stories, games, animations, and simulations - and, in the process, learn important computational concepts and strategies for designing, problem solving, and collaborating. Each day, members of the Scratch community upload nearly 1500 new Scratch projects to the website - on average, a new project almost every minute.In developing Scratch 2.0, the team will focus on two questions from the NSF Program Solicitation:-Will the research lead to the development of new technologies to support human creativity?-Will the research lead to innovative educational approaches in computer science, science, or engineering that reward creativity?Intellectual Merit. The intellectual merit of the project is based on its study of how new technologies can foster creativity and collaboration. The investigators will conduct design experiments to examine how new features of Scratch 2.0 engage young people in new forms of creative expression, collaboration, learning, and metadesign. Young people are already interacting with many cloud-based services (such as YouTube and Facebook). But Scratch 2.0 is fundamentally different in that it aims to engage people in programming their own projects and activities in the cloud. With Scratch 2.0, young people won?t just interact with the cloud, they will create in the cloud. The goal is to democratize the development of cloud-based activities, so that everyone can become an active contributor to the cloud, not just a consumer of cloud-based services. This development and study of Scratch 2.0 will lead to new insights into strategies for engaging young people in activities that cultivate collaboration and creativity. Broader Impacts. The broader impact of the project is based on its ability to broaden participation in programming and computer science. The current version of Scratch has already helped attract a broader diversity of students to computer science compared to other programming platforms. The investigators expect that the collaboration and social-media features of Scratch 2.0 will resonate with the interests of today's youth and further broaden participation. Integration of Scratch into the introductory computer science course at Harvard led to a sharp reduction in the number of students dropping the course, and an increase in the retention of female students. There have been similar results in pre-college courses. The National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT) calls Scratch a ?promising practice? for increasing gender diversity in IT.

专业：Scratch 2.0：麻省理工学院媒体实验室的研究人员将开发和研究新一代Scratch编程平台，旨在帮助年轻人学习创造性思维，系统推理和协作工作-这是21世纪世纪成功的基本技能。通过Scratch，青少年（8岁及以上）可以编写自己的互动故事，游戏，动画和模拟，然后在线与他人分享他们的创作。世界各地的年轻人已经在Scratch社区网站（http：//www.example.com）上分享了100多万个项目。scratch.mit.edu被称为Scratch 2.0的新一代将完全融入互联网，这样年轻人就可以更无缝地分享和协作项目，访问在线数据，以及与社交媒体的程序交互。研究分为两个链：-创造性协作的技术基础设施。有了Scratch 2.0，人们将能够设计和编程新型的基于Web的交互和服务。例如，他们将能够编程与社交媒体网站（如Facebook）的交互，使用在线数据创建可视化，并编程自己的协作应用程序。为创造性合作设计实验。随着Scratch 2.0的开发，他们将进行在线实验，研究他们的设计决策如何影响人们在创意项目上的协作方式，以及他们对协作的态度。这项工作建立在之前支持Scratch开发的NSF资助（ITR-0325828）的基础上。自2007年公开推出以来，Scratch已经成为一个充满活力的在线社区，年轻人可以在其中编程和分享互动故事，游戏，动画和模拟-并在此过程中学习重要的计算概念和设计，解决问题和协作策略。每天，Scratch社区的成员都会上传近1500个新的Scratch项目到网站上--平均来说，几乎每分钟就有一个新项目。在开发Scratch 2.0的过程中，团队将专注于NSF计划征集中的两个问题：-这项研究是否会导致新技术的发展，以支持人类的创造力？-这项研究是否会导致计算机科学、科学或工程领域的创新教育方法，从而奖励创造力？智力优势。该项目的智力价值是基于其对新技术如何促进创造力和协作的研究。研究人员将进行设计实验，以研究Scratch 2.0的新功能如何吸引年轻人参与新形式的创造性表达，协作，学习和元设计。年轻人已经在与许多基于云的服务（如YouTube和Facebook）互动。但Scratch 2.0有着根本的不同，它的目标是让人们在云中编程自己的项目和活动。Scratch 2.0，年轻人赢了？不仅仅是与云交互，他们将在云中创建。我们的目标是使基于云的活动的开发民主化，这样每个人都可以成为云的积极贡献者，而不仅仅是基于云的服务的消费者。Scratch 2.0的开发和研究将为年轻人参与培养协作和创造力的活动带来新的见解。更广泛的影响。该项目更广泛的影响是基于其扩大参与编程和计算机科学的能力。与其他编程平台相比，当前版本的Scratch已经帮助吸引了更广泛的学生学习计算机科学。研究人员预计，Scratch 2.0的协作和社交媒体功能将与当今年轻人的兴趣产生共鸣，并进一步扩大参与。将Scratch整合到哈佛的计算机科学入门课程中，导致辍学学生人数急剧减少，女性学生的保留率增加。在大学预科课程中也有类似的结果。国家妇女信息技术中心（NCWIT）称Scratch为？有前途的实践？增加IT领域的性别多样性。