U.S. Egypt Collaborative Research: Increasing P uptake efficiency through mycorrhizal interactions and plant growth promoting bacteria

美埃合作研究：通过菌根相互作用和植物促生长细菌提高磷吸收效率

• 批准号: 1004010
• 负责人: Heike Bucking
• 金额: $ 6.2万
• 依托单位: South Dakota State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1004010&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: U.S.; Egypt; Collaborative; Research; Increasing

Increasing the efficiency with which crop species absorb or utilize nutrients has the potential to ensure cost effective and sustainable agriculture in the future. This is particularly true for phosphate (P), because P is an essential plant nutrient that often limits plant productivity, and P rock that is used for the production of most P fertilizers is a nonrenewable resource and the current known reserves are likely to be depleted in 50 to 100 years. Conventional breeding programs often select cultivars based on vigor and performance of the above ground plant part under nutrient replete conditions, but the root system, its architecture and the association of the root system with beneficial plant microorganisms has generally been ignored. This has led to the development of cultivars that are not well suited for low input agriculture. Plant microbe interactions, such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can contribute significantly to the nutrient efficiency of crop species and improve overall plant health and performance. Here, we propose to use a different and integrated approach to improve the nutrient efficiency of wheat, one of the most important crop species worldwide. The proposal is to study genotypic differences in P efficiency and mycorrhizal responsiveness to determine which cultivar is able to use its plant?]microbe interactions to their maximum potential.In this collaborative research effort, Dr. Heike Bucking at South Dakota State University and Dr. Samy A. M. Abd El-Azeem at Suez Canal University, Egypt, will identify candidate genes that control the acquisition and utilization efficiency of P and the mycorrhizal responsiveness of wheat in order to develop tools that can be used for marker assisted selection of these agronomically important traits. In addition, the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on wheat productivity and mycorrhizal colonization will be studied because the capability of these bacteria to mobilize P sources with low bioavailability could synergistically enhance the beneficial effects of AM fungi on P nutrition of the plant. Including the capability of plants to form AM interactions as an important trait into breeding programs takes into consideration that the AM symbiosis has numerous beneficial effects on the abiotic (e.g. nutrient, salinity, drought) and biotic (pathogen) stress resistance of their host plant and represents the natural stage of plants under field conditions. Results of the research will be translated into recommendations for farmers how by low cost measures and agronomic practices the crop productivity can be increased. Two graduate students will be trained by this project (one in the U.S. and one in Egypt), and the international collaborative character of this project will stimulate their development into independent scientists. Regular visits of the collaborating institutions will guarantee a cohesive planning of the experiments and of the output of the project, but will also allow training of the project partners and especially of the graduate students in new technologies. Results of the project will also be integrated into the research efforts of the recently established 2010 drought tolerance biotechnology center at South Dakota State University. Wheat has recently been made to one of the focus crop species of the center and the international collaboration will stimulate further collaborative efforts beyond this project.The award is being funded under the US-Egypt Joint Fund Program, which provides grants to scientists and engineers in both countries to undertake cooperative research, and by the Africa, Near East, South Asia (ANESA) division of the Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE).

提高作物品种吸收或利用养分的效率有可能确保未来农业的成本效益和可持续性。对于磷酸盐（P）来说尤其如此，因为P是通常限制植物生产力的必需植物营养素，并且用于生产大多数磷肥的P岩是不可再生资源，并且目前已知的储量可能在50至100年内耗尽。传统的育种程序通常基于在营养充足的条件下地上植物部分的活力和表现来选择品种，但是根系、其结构以及根系与有益植物微生物的关联通常被忽视。这导致了不太适合低投入农业的品种的发展。植物微生物相互作用，例如丛枝菌根（AM）共生，可以显着提高作物物种的营养效率并改善植物的整体健康和性能。在这里，我们建议使用一种不同的综合方法来提高小麦的养分效率，小麦是世界上最重要的作物物种之一。该建议是研究基因型差异的磷效率和菌根反应，以确定哪个品种是能够利用其植物？]在这项合作研究中，南达科他州州立大学的Heike Bucking博士和Samy A. M.埃及苏伊士运河大学的Abd El-Azeem将鉴定控制P的获得和利用效率以及小麦的菌根反应的候选基因，以开发可用于标记辅助选择这些农艺学重要性状的工具。此外，植物生长促进根际细菌对小麦生产力和菌根定殖的影响将进行研究，因为这些细菌动员低生物利用度的磷源的能力可以协同增强AM真菌对植物磷营养的有益作用。将植物形成AM相互作用的能力作为重要性状纳入育种计划考虑到AM共生对其宿主植物的非生物（例如营养、盐度、干旱）和生物（病原体）胁迫抗性具有许多有益的影响，并且代表植物在田间条件下的自然阶段。研究结果将转化为农民如何通过低成本措施和农艺措施提高作物产量的建议。两名研究生将通过该项目进行培训（一名在美国，一名在埃及），该项目的国际合作性质将刺激他们发展成为独立的科学家。合作机构的定期访问将保证对实验和项目产出进行协调一致的规划，但也将允许对项目合作伙伴，特别是研究生进行新技术培训。该项目的成果也将纳入最近在南达科他州州立大学成立的2010年耐旱生物技术中心的研究工作。小麦最近已成为该中心的重点作物品种之一，国际合作将促进该项目以外的进一步合作。该奖项由美国-埃及联合基金计划资助，该计划为两国的科学家和工程师提供赠款，以开展合作研究，并由非洲，近东，中东和非洲国家共同资助。国际科学与工程办公室（OISE）南亚分部（ANESA）。